Helena Maria Martins Lastres

Systems of Innovation and Development

This significant book demonstrates how the ‘systems of innovation’ approach can be utilised to understand the complex interactions between innovation and growth which, in turn, can enhance the prospects of developing nations. Systems of Innovation and Development confronts the challenges and opportunities of the knowledge era, focusing particularly on the new conditions for industrial and technological advancement.

Sistemas de inovação e desenvolvimento: as implicações de política

Abstract: Starting with a discussion about a co-evolution of conceptual and analytical ideas about theinnovation process and the design of industrial and technological policies in developed countries, thepaper argues that the misunderstanding of the specificities of the innovation process has led to thedesign and implementation of adequate policies to deal with the threats and opportunities faced by theBrazilian economy and society. Key words: Innovation. Development. Industrial and technological politics. J OSE E DUARDO C ASSIOLATO H ELENA M ARIA M ARTINS L ASTRES um periodo marcado pela crescente incorporacaode conhecimentos nas atividades produtivas, ainovacao passou a ser entendida como variavel SISTEMAS DE INOVACAO EDESENVOLVIMENTOas implicacoes de politica ainda mais estrategica para a competitividade de organiza-coes e paises. Estes tem enfrentado as mudancas deladecorrentes de forma diferenciada, tendo em vista suasespecificidades historicas e socioeconomicas e as possi-bilidades permitidas pela sua insercao geopolitica. Algunspaises tem obtido melhores resultados tanto em termos doaproveitamento das oportunidades apresentadas, comopela superacao das dificuldades inerentes ao processo detransformacao. Este trabalho argumenta que esses paisesconseguiram definir e implementar novas estrategias ca-pazes de reforcar e ampliar suas politicas cientificas,tecnologicas e industriais. Essas politicas realcam amobilizacao dos processos de aquisicao e uso de conhe-cimentos e de capacitacoes produtivas e inovativas comoparte integrante fundamental de suas estrategias de desen-volvimento. Tal mobilizacao e estruturada a partir do con-ceito de “sistemas de inovacao”.Na segunda metade dos anos 90, a palavra magica“inovacao” chegou ao Brasil, mas parece ainda nao ter sidoassimilada e talvez sequer bem compreendida. De fato, elatem sido incluida na agenda das politicas industriais etecnologicas. Porem, nao se percebem resultados maisconcretos das politicas implementadas, e o desempenhoinovativo da economia brasileira continua modesto. Namaioria das vezes, o padrao de inovacao que ocorre naeconomia brasileira ainda e defensivo e adaptativo. Aexcecao se encontra em segmentos da agroindustria(devido ao papel da Embrapa e as especificidades doprocesso de geracao e difusao de inovacoes na agricultura),em algumas atividades historicamente percebidas comoestrategicas e naquelas em que o papel do Estado foi

LOCAL SYSTEMS OF INNOVATION IN MERCOSUR COUNTRIES

This paper discusses two related issues. One refers to the use of the notion of systems of innovation in environments characterized by relatively poor domestic innovation processes and relatively high levels of diversity. The other relates to the analysis of the empirical results of an on-going research (involving a network of researchers in Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay) investigating how the macroeconomic transformations of the 1990s have affected the evolutionary trajectory of local productive arrangements, especially in what refers to their capacity to generate, absorb and diffuse innovations.

Systems of innovation for development in the knowledge era: an introduction

At the turn of the millennium, as radical transformations affect the ways we produce, reproduce and organize our very existence, the challenges to social and economic development seem, at times, overwhelming. What is the nature of these transformations? What are the interests and forces orienting them? What are the impacts of these transformations on the productive and innovative capacities of developing countries? How can they best face these challenges? What are the policy implications? The aim of this book is to address these questions. In what has come to be known as the ‘Knowledge Era’, the economy is relying on knowledge-based activities much more than ever before. There are at least three, interrelated, main arguments for this: (i) the proportion of labour that handles tangible goods has become smaller than the proportion engaged in the production, distribution and processing of knowledge; (ii) the share of codified knowledge and information in the value of many products and services is significantly increasing; (iii) knowledge-intensive activities are rapidly growing. Obviously, information and knowledge have always been important in human history. But today’s knowledge is more and more codified and the resulting information is more and more incorporated into goods and services. The development and diffusion of a new techno-economic paradigm, centred on information and communications technologies (ICT), have accelerated and deepened both the codification of knowledge and the spread of information. The extent, the velocity and the intensity of these changes have provoked, on one hand, an unbridled and uncritical enthusiasm with the multiple possibilities apparently available to all and, on the other, considerable perplexity as to how this transition actually affects

Informação e conhecimento na nova ordem mundial

Este artigo discute o papel da informacao e do conhecimento na nova ordem mundial. O foco central e o advento e a difusao da denominada economia da informacao e do conhecimento, a qual vem induzindo novas atividades, conceitos de competitividade, estrategias organizacionais e formatos institucionais (que influenciam empresas, centros de ensino e pesquisa, governos etc. e ate os proprios individuos) e exigindo novas capacitacoes.

Local system of innovation under strain: the impacts of structural change in the telecommunications cluster of Campinas, Brazil

During the 1980s and early 1990s, Brazil set up an important telecommunications cluster in Campinas, a medium-sized city located 60 miles from Sao Paulo. Fostered by government policies, the cluster has evolved around a telecoms R&D Centre. Several small high-tech firms were established, grew, competed and cooperated with the local infrastructure and MNC subsidiaries. These, in turn, increased their local technological efforts and engaged in joint technological programs with local partners. However, structural reforms of the 1990s, including privatisation and liberalisation, have mostly aimed at maximising short-run financial benefits. As a consequence, technological strategy was put aside and the local system of innovation is starting to show signs of depression.

Desafios e oportunidades da era do conhecimento

This article addresses the need to identify the main characteristics of the information age, as well as to monitor and guide the new standards for accumulating and disseminating knowledge. It further underscores the urgency of developing new policy tools to manage the challenges and enhance the opportunities associated with Brazils entrance into the information age.

Sistemas de inovação e arranjos produtivos locais: novas estratégias para promover a geração, aquisição e difusão de conhecimentos

O artigo analisa a memoria organizacional, ou melhor, a dimensao de memoria social que influencia a identidade organizacional, enquanto apoiando seu reconhecimento, em seu contexto, no presente e no futuro. A dialetica seletiva de memoria; a possibilidade de recordacoes e esquecimento; os interesses diferentes significados motrizes para o passado ou para o presente; a memoria que luta contra o esquecimento; as formas de como os grupos constroem sua memoria sao objeto de muitas pesquisas. Raramente, encontram-se estudos sobre memoria organizacional, especialmente aqueles que discutem os modos que sao usados para controle e sua dificil transmissao, incluindo suas consequencias para os empregados e a organizacao inteira. Entao, o objetivo deste papel e contribuir para melhorar os usos de tal conceito, enquanto considerando as muitos possibilidades que oferece.

Development and innovation: learning from the legacies of Freeman and Furtado

ABSTRACT Some ideas and policy proposals on development and innovation, disseminated in the second decade of the 2000s, reintroduce obsolete visions, which isolate economic phenomena from their territorial, historical and socio-political contexts. Hence, there is a need to recuperate Freeman’s and Furtado’s systemic and contextualized contributions to the understanding of these processes. Besides exploring these and other convergences in their approaches, the paper highlights their crucial insights about the usually ignored influence of power on these issues. We reaffirm that the combination of the two authors’ analytical and normative frameworks makes them even more useful to a wider set of cases and countries. We also argue that this effort can provide a novel and proper ground for comparative analyses, helping to foster development and further refinement of different frameworks, strengthening their role as a tool to understand and orient the processes of development and innovation.

Novas tecnologias da informação e blocos econômicos mundiais: a experiência da União Européia

O presente trabalho pretende averiguar como a televisao regional, na cidade de Itabuna, no sul da Bahia, aborda temas relativos as questoes ambientais. E feito um estudo de caso com o programa jornalistico tematico ´Encontro Com´, averiguando como os termos tecnico- ambientais se encontram no discurso televisivo. Os procedimentos metodologicos voltar-se-ao para uma analise quantitativa dos termos e do metodo de analise de materiais audiovisuais. Serao discutidos aspectos qualitativos a partir do discurso das materias e dos entrevistados para identificar o nivel de entendimento passado e a intencao educativa voltada para o conhecimento do publico sobre o meio ambiente.The Non Governmental Organizations are animportant source of information for the massmedia on diverse topics of social scope wherethe official speech can turn out to be cold andinsufficient. In order to interact with the massmedia, the ONG resort to a series of strategiesin order to obtain from the sensibility of the populationup to the rational knowledge of the realitiesof the countries in routes of development.In Spain the ONG that they work with immigrantsthey are a clear example of the evolution andconsolidation of these as alternative source.The growth of the immigration, of 2,3 % of thespanish population in 2000 to 9,3 % in 2006,has propitiated this evolutionWe intend in this text the reevaluationof the social responsibility concept, mainlywhen it is appropriate for the journalisticand medias entertainment companies,in the means of the problem of the medium’sconcentration, strengthen of entertainmentand of the freedom of “company”against the liberty of speech. Theresult is a journalistic covering of crimeand violence facts where what “it intereststhe public” it is not distinguished fromwhat is of “public interest” in fact.This arti cle aims to present Weber’s sociological theory in acti onin individuals contextualizing the journalisti c facts refl ected in thedisaster in Haiti . The clipping of the study was the use of the web,represented by Twitt er, social mobilizati on and functi on of conveyinginformati on to individuals. It is known that social networks havebecome major centers of informati on and are driving new humanbehaviors. In disasters such as that in Haiti , the Internet contributesto the global mobilizati on, which in previous years was representedin lower parti cipati on compared to traditi onal media like radio andtelevision. Used as carry-theoreti cal social studies of Max Weber, theanalysis of companies held by Pierre Bourdieu and author J.B. Pinho,introducing the web in the studies of journalism.The history of the press in Mexico has as objectives recover, reconstruct and interpret the way in which the journalism was executed in a specific period of time. But this history recovered only the masculine presence. The gender studies had allowed making visible the women and feminine journalists in diverse historical periods, the periodistical gender they practiced and the topics they worried about. That is how it can be affirmed that their journalism was characterized, in firsts terms, for exposing experiences out of the intimacy and interpret their own feminine condition. Subsequently, for inform about diverse situations considered news, also considered not important but relevant since end of the nineteenth century. Finally, the main objective of this article is apply gender category to journalism history.Este trabalho e parte de uma pesquisa mais extensa que tem por objetivo contribuir para uma melhor compreensao do papel que a presenca da diversidade e da diferenca nas producoes midiaticas pode trazer para os processos de enriquecimento cultural e de democratizacao das relacoes sociais. Parte-se do principio que nas sociedades contemporâneas, em que a logica do espetaculo se estende para a esfera das relacoes sociais, a visibilidade midiatica implica alguma forma de reconhecimento e de legitimacao das diversidades.The related principle of politics to news settlesthey infer in the use of the technique, thestructure and the process as systems that pickus, transmit, convey and observe a sequenceof conducts in the individual. These are waysto talk politics and to transmit it according toits individual or collective action and its turnit gives rises to spectacular behaviours. Thefreedom of Media is in the construction of thenear information by code paradigms adaptedto the human comprehensiveness throughemotional metacognitive process and adducingindifference, according to its experiences andsinequismosAbstractThis paper is based on the theoretical reference of cultural studies, the theory of social representations and the feminist criticism, to analyze, under the perspective of gender studies, Mandrake TV series, aired on HBO in Brazil, from 2005 to 2007, with a repeat in 2010. It investigates the meanings assigned to male and female bodies that conform gender identities. The analysis considered elements of the audiovisual grammar, such as frameworks, point of view, camera movement and character building. It was revealed the existence of a patriarchal look, reinforcing gender stereotypes and stigmas attached to the desire and consumption of female and male bodies.The arti cle discusses the soap opera consumpti on as a cultural productby men. Therefore, the cultural components with infl uence onthe male and female identi ty are approached. It is observed howthese aspects can act on the soap opera consumpti on by men fromlower social class who have the non-subscribed TV as a main information and entertainment source. The fi eld research was conductedby applying a questi onnaire. It is concluded that among the 10 interviewees,only one did not have the habit of watching soap operas. Allthe other parti cipants were att racted by the soap opera script.It is a question of provide elements for aninvestigation of contemporary long distanceconversation, specially the computer mediated one. To achieve our purpose, we focus initially on the conversation practice as a whole,inserting this into a wider social context of progressive destruction of distinctions between public and private spheres. Then, we recuperate some of Gabriel Tarde´s keensighted observations concerning conversation: its particularities, some of its historical issuesand, refering to our specific object, its intricate relations to sociability and communication devices. Finally, based on what was outlined, we indicate some implications of virtual technologies´ advent on contemporary conversation practicesOne objective of this work has been to address the chronic American classic comparatively with registration and identify meaning displacements around representations of popular sectors, regarding the treatment traditionally hegemonic journalism grants. The chronicles that constitute our corpus of particular interest because stories relate actual track closest thing to literary journalism, in which the subjectivity of the speaker-writer-narrator through the descriptions and events or enter other subjectivities, by choosing from multiple viewpoints. Objectivity strategies give way to making techniques fictionalization subjectivity emerge even in the use of the third person. This process causes a disruption fictionalization collective belief in mobilizing new looks that far from legitimizing the collective imaginary, establishing interpretive tensions. Is chosen, then the body deal with the methodology selected chronic discourse analysis, especially narratology instruments. For this, a theoretical framework has been instrumental from which the analysis was performed in which the contributions are articulated Schaeffer (1999), Metz (1972), Eco (1996, Genette (1972) and Ricoeur (1978), among others.This paper focuses on the problem ofracial profiling practices employed by po-lice forces in Brazil and in England. In re-cent years, this very controversial methodresulted in the death of two innocent Bra-zilian victims: Jean Charles de Menezesand Flavio Ferreira Sant’Ana. Becauseboth events were the subject of intensemedia coverage in Brazil, comparativemedia analysis may provide valuable in-sight into the question of how crimes de-riving from racist procedures call for spe-cific media strategies. My main argumentis that these two events – and the corre-sponding Brazilian public reactions theyproduced in Brazil and elsewhere – giveexpression to: 1) the problem of uncertaintyinherent in any racial profiling system,especially in multicultural settings;2) the contrastive Brazilian popular reac-tions and claims for justice in the casesabove.Under the context of mediated society, arising with the newtechnologies of communica on and informa on, the paper aimsto ques on the concept of eld of the media constructed by odrigues(1990) which sees the media even as a linear subsystemand representa onal. The ques ons occur from a current demandwhich shows the a ec on between tradi onal media (radio, TV andprint) and the possibili es of the nternet that can cause changesto outline new prospects for studies of the area of communica on.One objective of this work has been to address the chronic American classic comparatively with registration and identify meaning displacements around representations of popular sectors, regarding the treatment traditionally hegemonic journalism grants. The chronicles that constitute our corpus of particular interest because stories relate actual track closest thing to literary journalism, in which the subjectivity of the speaker-writer-narrator through the descriptions and events or enter other subjectivities, by choosing from multiple viewpoints. Objectivity strategies give way to making techniques fictionalization subjectivity emerge even in the use of the third person. This process causes a disruption fictionalization collective belief in mobilizing new looks that far from legitimizing the collective imaginary, establishing interpretive tensions. Is chosen, then the body deal with the methodology selected chronic discourse analysis, especially narratology instruments. For this, a theoretical framework has been instrumental from which the analysis was performed in which the contributions are articulated Schaeffer (1999), Metz (1972), Eco (1996, Genette (1972) and Ricoeur (1978), among others.The Ambiental Protection Area of Lagoon Enchanted, located in Ilheus city, in the state of Bahia, has a population superior of 23 thousand people, there is applied the communicational press product, with the aim of inform, educate and to touch the local population in order the preserve the environment and sustainability. The present work, in the initial phase, intends to analyze if the communication strategy developed there through APAjournal is adequate to capacity of reception if the local people - where, according the IBGE, there are 60% of illiterates. As methodological reference, this paper takes the authors Bauer & Gaskell (2002) when they write about qualitative researchers involving text, and emphasizes the analyses of the vehicle contents in question, in the period from January to April in the current year.Este estudo objetiva identificar e analisar como os sujeitos nao indigenas veem os indigenas no contexto das relacoes intergrupais e, particularmente, no contexto do processo de demarcacao e desocupacao da Reserva Indigena Raposa Serra do Sol. A pesquisa de carater quantitativo descritivo foi realizada em um jornal de circulacao nacional e os resultados indicam que as representacoes dos indigenas que circular (ou nao), nos veiculos de midia, transcende o espaco midiatico fazendo eco no espaco social, ou seja, sao as vozes dos atores sociais nao indigenas que ecoam nos espacos midiatizados, que, quando amplificados e legitimados pela midia, se tornam naturalizados, e, mesmo em se tratando de situacoes potencialmente comunicativas, sao validados como contratos de comunicacao.The soap opera is seen by the most part of theBrazilian population as one of the mainproducts of the National television, specificallyif we talk about soap operas made by RedeGlobo de Televisao which owns the know-howto accomplish such productions. The presentarticle concerns about understand in whichmeans fictional identities representations arearticulated by the receptors during thereception process taking up a case study aboutwomen homosexuality representation played inMulheres Apaixonadas soap opera (ManoelCarlos, TV Globo, 2003) as research method.Supporting theoretical references are StuartHall on identity comprehension and MichelFoucault´s contributions on sexuality disciplinaryappliance properly comprehension concerningboth identities and subjectivities.This paper aims at analyzing and iden fying the di erences and similaries between the Canadian broadcast produc ons and the Brazilianones. Then, it will consider the non-speci c codes: ligh ng, costumes,set design and color to illustrate that everything that is shownon the screen has a meaning and, in most of the cases, this secondmeaning appears only through re ec on. Based on the analysis ofnon-speci c codes, this ar cle examines the rst episode of the Braziliansoap opera om&uria, broadcasted by the Globo channel, andthe Canadian soap opera lings&rrows, broadcasted by The ovie etwork.The adoption of hypertext, the spread of search technologies and the expansion of interpersonal communication through websites, blogs and social networks change the product news: he suffers modifications to adapt to cibermeio, assimilating multimidialidade and interactivity. Meanwhile, journalist, ethics and the value of its activity are questioned by the readership. This article examines the phenomenon of structural changes in journalism from the perspective of changes with which - adopting the theoretical framework of constructionism - raise three hypotheses.Embora as projecoes de numerosos autores venhamn apontando para o desenvolvimento iminente e macico das publicacoes virtuais, a realidade mostra que a evolucao progressiva da simples referencia, passando pelo resumo mais ou menos detalhado, ate se chegar a publicacao dos textos completos vem se operando com velocidade menor que a prevista por esses autores. Uma analise da situacao real das publicacoes periodicas eletronicas mostra a necessidade de se aprimorar alguns de seus aspectos, tanto conceituais como economicos e visuais, antes de alcancarem um desenvolvimento semelhante ou superior ao das publicacoes impressas. As facilidades de pesquisa e recuperacao da informacao que oferecem os artefatos ou maquinas de busca dos diversos provedores de informacoes, para identificar eventuais documentos virtuais de interesse, sao tambem, ate o momento, precarias. Sao apontadas linhas de estudo que permitiriam melhorar nao so o nivel de qualidade dos periodicos virtuais, enquanto veiculos da informacao cientifica, mas tambem as facilidades de armazenagem e recuperacao deles contida.artigo aborda a globalizacao em suas diversas interfaces, destacando a sua relacao com as empresas e as organizacoes, principalmente na America Latina. O estudo debate o novo cenario da informacao e o impacto das novas tecnologias, dando enfase a questao da gestao do conhecimento.Atraves de leitura inicial de obras sobre o consumo, busco nesse artigo fazer uma breve revisao de obras seminais sobre o tema. Sao analisadas de maneira introdutoria as obras de Mary Douglas, Colin Campbell, Daniel Miller e Everardo Rocha, teoricos renomados do consumo.Este artigo analisa as abordagens feitas pelas revistas Veja, IstoE, Galileu e Superinteressante sobre a Sindrome do Pânico e se as materias auxiliam ou nao os portadores desse disturbio comportamental. 0 corpus compreende as edicoes publicadas entre os anos de 2003-2005 e que apresentaram reportagens sobre o tema, priorizando a analise qualitativa dessas abordagens. Tratou-se ainda de avaliar os efeitos da mensagem sobre o receptor e as reacoes deste a elas. 0 estudo e parte de pesquisa em desenvolvimento no curso de Jornalismo da Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciencias de Itabuna, no sul da Bahia.The main focus of this article is the oral movement,as a tool and as a communication sphereof popular layers. And preservation of theirculture. An alternative and precious way whenthe subjects don’t have access to the legitimatespeech forms. Including the writing. The presenttext shouts the importance of the tripod: voice,memory and tradition, as bases of continuityand future. There is in the ample literatureabout the oral text, from biblical tradition toSaramago, from the Chinese poems of CheKing to Suassuana, from Guimaraes Rosa toimprovisers, a mix of poets and journalists ofpopular quotidian, their contemporary sourceof inspiration. Voice and gest, rituals and miths,body and imaginary, all of that composing onenarrative that doesn’t end. And, clever, intrude,now, the pores of information channels and,again, find out their veios of the actuality andthe constant overcoming.Neste artigo, objetivamos apontar quais os elementos constitutivos do documentario sao capazes de diferencia-lo de outros generos audiovisuais, como o filme de ficcao e a reportagem jornalistica na TV. Sustentamos que a marca caracteristica do documentario e seu carater autoral, definido como uma construcao singular da realidade, um ponto de vista particular do documentarista em relacao ao que eretratado. Alguns elementos linguistico-discursivos evidenciam esse carater autoral: a maneira como se da voz aos outros, a presenca de parafrases discursivas e um efeito de sentido monofonico. Ainda destacamos a criatividade usada no processo de edicao e montagem como um importante indice de autoria. Tomamos como aparato teorico de analise estudos no campo do Cinema e conceitos do âmbito da Linguistica Textual e da Analise do Discurso.This paper aims to study the public disclosure of science in the process of regional development facing the Metropolitan Region of Vale do Paraiba. This observation takes as its starting point the possibility of transmission of the scientific information through the world wide web, and investigates the potential of this medium to the purpose of communicating science publicly. The reflections herein developed should contribute to the broadening of the debate about the importance and the role of the scientific knowledge in the maturity of an active and representative society with the government. This descriptive study made use of paper sources and survey next to researchers in the region to discuss the intended issues. At the end, the dissertation argues about the social, politic and economic development possibilities of a society whose public communication of science be available and accessible, with special attention to the specificities of the on-line communication, facing the valeparaibana region.