Helenilza Ferreira Albuquerque Cunha

Qualidade microbiológica da água em rios de áreas urbanas e periurbanas no baixo Amazonas : o caso do Amapá

This study presents the spatial and temporal variability of water quality parameters in rivers of Macapa and Santana region, State of Amapa, Brazil, especially faecal coliforms (FC), being used as indicators. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted in four estuarine rivers. The experiment included five sampling locations and the research was conducted from September 1999 to September 2002. Samples were collected once a monthly. The results of analysis provided us useful information for sanitary and public health planning. In addiction, a socio-economic study of several critical areas in the watershed was carried out. The results showed high faecal coliform concentrations. The complexity of space-temporal variability of the water quality was affected by various factors, such as climatic conditions, tidal variation and human activities. This information can be used in forecasting environmental and public health risks.

Evento extremo de chuva-vazão na bacia hidrográfica do rio Araguari, Amapá, Brasil

O objetivo da investigacao foi analisar vazoes extremas ocorridas entre 9 e 14 de abril de 2011 na bacia do Rio Araguari-AP. A metodologia consistiu de tres etapas principais: 1) re-analise da precipitacao estimada pelo Modelo BRAMS (Brazilian in Development Regional Atmospheric Model System),utilizando como suporte a sinotica do mesmo periodo; 2) analise de vazao nas secoes de monitoramento hidrologico em Porto Platon, Capivara e Serra do Navio (ADCP-Accustic Doppler Profiller Current); 3) analise estatistica da serie historica de vazoes maximas em Porto Platon utilizando distribuicao de Gumbel. Observou-se que o modelo BRAMS capturou parcialmente o padrao do sistema de precipitacao quando comparado com a analise sinotica e com os dados da literatura, mas demandando ainda otimizacao na representacao de respostas hidrologicas extremas. Em Porto Platon foi registrada uma vazao recorde de 4036 m3/s, cujo comportamento foi analisado sob a otica dos mecanismos disponiveis de monitoramento no Estado. Concluiu-se que tais eventos extremos sao pouco detectaveis e oferecem riscos consideraveis aos usuarios da bacia. A previsao de vazao, baseada na serie hidrologica disponivel, era de 100 anos de retorno, mas as analises revelaram que este periodo seria de 360 anos, indicando significativa fragilidade do sistema de previsao de eventos extremos no Estado.

Artisanal Extraction and Traditional Knowledge Associated with Medicinal Use of Crabwood Oil (Carapa guianensis Aublet.) in a Peri-Urban Várzea Environment in the Amazon Estuary

Várzea forests of the Amazon estuary contain species of importance to riverine communities. For example, the oil extracted from the seeds of crabwood trees is traditionally used to combat various illnesses and as such artisanal extraction processes have been maintained. The objectives of this study were to (1) describe the process involved in artisanal extraction of crabwood oil in the Fazendinha Protected Area, in the state of Amapá; (2) characterise the processes of knowledge transfer associated with the extraction and use of crabwood oil within a peri-urban riverine community; and (3) discern medicinal uses of the oil. The data were obtained using semistructured interviews with 13 community members involved in crabwood oil extraction and via direct observation. The process of oil extraction is divided into four stages: seed collection; cooking and resting of the seeds; shelling of the seeds and dough preparation; and oil collection. Oil extraction is carried out within the home for personal use, with surplus marketed within the community. More than 90% of the members of the community involved in extraction of crabwood oil highlighted the use of the oil to combat inflammation of the throat. Knowledge transfer occurs via oral transmission and through direct observation.

Challenges and Solutions for Hydrodynamic and Water Quality in Rivers in the Amazon Basin

Alan Cavalcanti da Cunha1, Daimio Chaves Brito1, Antonio C. Brasil Junior2, Luis Aramis dos Reis Pinheiro2, Helenilza Ferreira Albuquerque Cunha1, Eldo Santos1 and Alex V. Krusche3 1Federal University of Amapa Environmental Science Department and Graduated Program in Ecological Sciences of Tropical Biodiversity 2Universidade de Brasilia. Laboratory of Energy and Environment 3Environmental Analysis and Geoprocessing Laboratory CENA Brazil

Saberes tradicionais em uma unidade de conservação localizada em ambiente periurbano de várzea: etnobiologia da andirobeira (Carapa guianensis Aublet)

The interactions between traditional communities with the forest and urban populations threaten the maintenance of traditional knowledge associated with the natural resources use. From this premise, this article identifies the local ecological knowledge (LEK) on andirobeiras (Carapa guianensis Aublet), the products derived from the species use, the knowledge on the andiroba oil extraction, and the preservation of this habit in the Environmental Protection Area (EPA) of Fazendinha, Amapa state, Brazil. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 84 residents and three focal groups. According to the results, 76% of the residents have LEK about the species, the oil extraction from seeds and its timber production as its main uses; 64% know the oil extraction process; and 30% declared to keep it as a habit. The youngest are familiar with the andiroba oil, but most of them did not experience the entire extraction process. The survey found a trend towards loss of LEK on andirobeiras and its oil extraction process across generations, as a consequence of urbanization and the limited use of this product due to the lack of information among residents about their rights on the use forest resources in the EPA.

Análise da gestão e gerenciamento dos resíduos de serviços de saúde (RSS) do Hospital de Emergência de Macapá, Amapá, Brasil

No Estado do Amapa, localizado na regiao norte do pais, a falta de informacoes sobre os residuos dos servicos de saude (RSS) impossibilita uma avaliacao da gestao e gerenciamento, especialmente do seu manejo, que apresenta problemas em todas as etapas, da geracao a disposicao final. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo produzir informacoes sobre os RSS no hospital de pronto socorro do estado: o Hospital de Emergencia, localizado na capital Macapa. O estudo de caso se propos a analisar a gestao e o gerenciamento dos RSS intraunidade com o apoio de instrumentos (questionarios, formularios e estudo gravimetrico) e tecnicas diversas (observacao, entrevistas, pesquisa documental e bibliografica). Os resultados indicam taxa de geracao de 5,273 kg de RSS/leito ocupado/dia, e o Centro de Tratamento de Queimados (CTQ) foi o setor que apresentou a maior taxa de geracao: 5,990 kg.leito-1.dia-1. Quanto a composicao, 35,01% dos RSS sao dos grupos A, B e E, porem quando segregados durante a caracterizacao gravimetrica, o percentual destes residuos diminuiu para 25%. A segregacao dos RSS e deficiente, pois apresentou mistura de ate 79,6% de residuos comuns (grupo D) acondicionados como residuos infectantes (grupo A) e 15,5% destes acondicionados como residuos comuns. A inexecucao do Plano de Gerenciamento dos Residuos dos Servicos de Saude (PGRSS) do Hospital, traduzida na falta de atitudes gerenciais positivas e educacao continuada, somada a inoperância dos orgaos de fiscalizacao sao as causas desse cenario.