Hendrik Spruyt

Contracting States: Sovereign Transfers in International Relations

List of Illustrations and Tables ix Preface xi Chapter 1. Incomplete Sovereignty and International Relations 1 Chapter 2. A Theory of Incomplete Contracting and State Sovereignty 19 Chapter 3. Severing the Ties That Bind: Sovereign Transfers in the Shadow of Empire 48 Appendix 3.1. Overseas Basing Deployments of France and Britain since 1970 97 Chapter 4. Incomplete Contracting and the Politics of U.S. Overseas Basing Agreements 100 Chapter 5. Incomplete Contracting and Modalities of Regional Integration 142 Chapter 6. Further Applications and Conclusions 186 Bibliography 207 Index 225

Institutional selection in international relations: state anarchy as order

By the end of the medieval era, three new competing institutions attempted to capture gains from trade and reduce feudal particularism: sovereign territorial states, cityleagues, and city-states. By the middle of the seventeenth century, city-leagues and city-states had declined markedly. Territorial states survived as the dominant form because they were able to reduce free riding, lower transaction costs, and credibly commit their constituents. The selection process took place along three dimensions. First, sovereign territorial states proved competitively superior in the economic realm. Second, states increasingly recognized only other sovereign territorial states as legitimate actors in the international system. Third, other actors defected to or copied the institutional makeup of sovereign territorial organization. The emergence of discrete territorial units in which only sovereign authorities represented their citizens as the predominant type of organization in international affairs created a new solution to the problem of markets and hierarchies.

The supply and demand of governance in standard-setting: insights from the past

Governance in standard-setting can be distinguished in the degree of public or private oversight, and in the degree to which the environment is hierarchical or anarchical. This variation in governance structures can be explained by three variables: (1) the gains that flow to political entrepreneurs in supplying state intervention; (2) the strategic setting in which private and public actors operate; and (3) the intrinsic attributes of the good in question. The article argues that while private demand is an important facet of standards governance, greater attention needs to be paid to the incentives for political entrepreneurs to supply public intervention, and the incentives for political entrepreneurs to agree on common standards. A historical analysis of product standards and transactional standards, as weights and measures, reveals that public actors may impede standardization even in the face of high private demand and clear public welfare gains.

What Is the Polity

The sovereign state became the dominant political form in a relatively brief period that began in Westphalian Europe and continued with European colonization. Contemporary states face increased challenges from inside and outside, and a global crisis of authority looms. Although the state as a form is highly variable and not about to disappear, a growing number and variety of other polities are moving toward center stage. The initiators of this roundtable asked several distinguished social scientists interested in historical perspective how they might redraw the map of global political space to reflect better current polities, boundaries, and identities and what future changes in that map they might foresee. Each contributor approached the questions in distinctive ways. Robert A. Denemark argues for more attention to world system history. Hendrik Spruyt looks for historical sociological insights into international systems change. Barry Buzan and Richard Little predict a rapidly shifting world of postmodern states and a different zone of conflict. Janice Gross Stein focuses on the privatization of security. Michael Mann finds that states as ‘polymorphous’ entities still have a future. Yale H. Ferguson and Richard W. Mansbach close with a discussion of their “polities” model.

The limits of neorealism: Understanding security in Central Asia

This paper specifies the conditions for conflict in Central Asia. Given Russian preponderance this should be an easy case for neorealism. But we demonstrate that the consequences of Russias superior power will depend on the nature of its regime and domestic stability in Central Asia. The type of nationalism, the robustness of political institutions, and the success or failure of economic reform will be critical conditions for Central Asian stability. The paper also evaluates the prospects for conflict resolution and prevention.

A new architecture for peace? Reconfiguring Japan among the great powers

Abstract In time Japan will shed domestic and historical constraints and engage in a more activist foreign policy commensurate with its great power status. Given the end of the Cold War, multipolarity, the uncertain security environment of East Asia, the growth of intra‐state conflicts, the relative shift in the balance of power, and American dissatisfaction with external engagements, Japanese elites will necessarily re‐examine the countrys traditionally passive foreign policy. Because of current domestic constraints such activism will be oriented towards multilateral fora as the Security Council. Multilateral engagement will supplement rather than displace other modes of conflict management and should be welcomed by the other great powers. Multilateral security institutions, such as permanent membership on the Security Council, strengthen the hand of Japanese domestic elites who favor an active and multilateral role. Thus, permanent membership can counteract regionalist tendencies within the Japanese go...

Normative Transformations In International Relations And The Waning Of Major War

Introduction, Raimo Vayrynen, Waning of Major War: Contending Views 1. Paul W. Schroeder, Debating the Waning of Major War 2. John Mueller, Does War Still Exist? 3. Marie T. Henehen and John Vasquez, The Changing Probability of Interstate War, 1816-1992 4. Peter Wallensteen, Major War is Not Waning, Yet 5. Martin van Creveld, The Decline of Major War: Nuclear Weapons and International Law 6. T.V. Paul, Does the Risk of Nuclear War Belong to History? 7. Kalevi J. Holsti, The Changing International System and the Decline of Major War 8. Patrick M. Morgan, Multilateral Institutions and Major War 9. Hendrik Spruyt, Normative Transformations in International Relations and the Waning of Major War 10. William R. Thompson, Democratic Peace, Civil Society, and Major War 11. Raimo Vayrynen, Capitalism, Peace, and War Raimo Vayrynen, Conclusion

Our past as prologue: introduction to the tenth anniversary issue of the Review of International Political Economy

This editorial introduction to the tenth anniversary issue of the Review of International Political Economy places both the birth of RIPE the journal and the critiques that it has spawned of the so-called ‘Washington consensus’ in a longer historical context. We map the emergence of two distinct ‘Washington Consensi’ – one based around GATT/Bretton Woods/Welfare States/and Kenynesian ideas and one based around the WTO/Open Capital Accounts/Hard Currencies and New-Classical Ideas. We argue that RIPE appeared at the moment when this second of these consensi appeared most hegemonic. RIPE’s distinct voice over the last decade reflects this through its critiques of the second Washington consensus and in its pluralistic and critical mode of inquiry. We place the essays that follow into this wider discussion of broad trends in the IPE.

Collective Imaginations and International Order: The Contemporary Context of the Chinese Tributary System

abstract: A large body of scholarship in Political Science suggests that the material power of a dominant state is critical for the stabilization of international order. Consequently, the relative decline of the United States and the ascendance of China raise concerns regarding the stability of the current international system. By contrast, culturalist accounts such as David Kang’s East Asia before the West submit that a stable order can be based on a shared cultural framework rather than material force. Despite their many contributions, the methodological design of such analyses—Kang’s included—do not allow us to attribute Chinese hegemony in the tributary system primarily to cultural factors. Examining the salience of cultural factors for international order requires a different research design that incorporates greater variation across history and regions and that recognizes the multivocality of imperial claims to authority. 摘要: 物质力量对于国际秩序所起的重要作用引发人们对中国崛起的关注。康灿 雄等的文化主义论述则认为秩序可建基于共享的文化观，但其研究方法却无法解 释朝贡体系里文化因素的作用。因此，探讨文化对国际秩序的影响时，既要作跨 历史、跨区域的比较研究，又要考察帝国权威的多义性。

New institutionalism and international relations

The only introduction to Global Political Economy that lets students learn from the very top scholars in the field. The fifth edition of this popular text offers a comprehensive introduction to global political economy, combining theory, history, and contemporary issues and debates. Renowned for its balance of empirical material and critical analysis, the expert authors introduce readers to the diversity of perspectives in GPE, and encourage students to unpack claims and challenge explanations. This new edition features a rewritten chapter on the Global Trade Regimes and thorough updates throughout to reflect the rise of new actors and the role of developing economies in global governance. Contributors to this volume - Vinod Aggarwal, University of California, Berkeley, USA Ann Capling, University of Melbourne, Australia Peter Dauvergne, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Cedric Dupont, The Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva Colin Hay, University of Sheffield, UK Eric Helleiner, University of Waterloo, Canada Michael J Hiscox, Harvard University, USA Anthony McGrew, University of Strathclyde, UK Louis W Pauly, University of Toronto, Canada Nicola Phillips, University of Sheffield, UK John Ravenhill, University of Waterloo, Canada Eric Thun, Said Business School, University of Oxford, UK Silke Trommer, University of Manchester, UK Robert Hunter Wade, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK Matthew Watson, University of Warwick, UK