Henrique Nunes Parente

Comportamento ingestivo de bezerros em pastos de Brachiaria brizantha e Brachiaria decumbens

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the ingestive behavior of calves on Brachiaria brizantha and Brachiaria decumbens pastures, under continuous stocking with variable stocking rate. The experimental design was entirely randomized, with two treatments (two pastures), and five replicates per treatment. The experimental period lasted 30 days, consisting of days 20 for adaptation of animals and 10 for behavioral evaluations that consisted of three periods of 24:00h each, in intervals of five days. The calves spent less time grazing Brachiaria brizantha pasture (9,8h) than they did on the Brachiaria decumbens (11,3h). Different rumination times had been observed, 6,8 and 6,4 h for the animals grazing Brachiaria brizantha and Brachiaria decumbens, respectively. We suggested that the selective behavior of the calves on the Brachiaria decumbens made them to eat good quality grass, thus they spent a similar rumination time to that observed for Brachiaria brizantha. The number of bites per minute was inferior for the Brachiaria decumbens, 31,2h, when compared with Brachiaria brizantha (the mean bite rate was 34,9 bites per minute). The calves had a larger daily gain to Brachiaria brizantha (390g day-1) than they had to Brachiaria decumbens (340g day-1).

Comportamento ingestivo de eqüinos em pastagens de grama batatais (Paspalum notatum) e braquiarinha (Brachiaria decumbens) na região centro-oeste do Brasil

It was carried out an experiment to evaluate the ingestive behavior of horses grazing Paspalum notatum and Brachiaria decumbens pastures. It had been used a completely randomized experimental design, with two treatments (two pastures) and five replicates per treatment. The experiment lasted 40 days, consisting of 30 days for adaptation of animals on the pastures and 10 days to evaluate grazing behaviour, with three periods of 24 hours and intervals of five days. The horses spent more time grazing during the day on the Brachiaria decumbens pasture (10.58 hours) than did on the Paspalum notatum pasture (7.69 hours). At night, the situation was reversed, horses grazed less (2.91 hours) on the Brachiaria decumbens pasture. Overnight leisure time was larger on the Paspalum notatum pasture (4.15 hours) than Brachiaria decumbens pasture (1.42 hours). The higher total daily bites had been observed (22720) in the animals on Paspalum notatum when compared with Brachiaria decumbens where they decreased the quantity of bites (17166).

Intake, Nutrient Apparent Digestibility, and Ruminal Constituents of Crossbred Dorper × Santa Inês Sheep Fed Diets with Babassu Mesocarp Flour

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on intake, apparent digestibility, and ruminal constituents of sheep in response to the addition of increasing levels of babassu mesocarp flour (BMF) to the diet. Twenty crossbred sheep (29.17 ± 2.23u2009kg) were used in a randomized complete block design. Lambs were confined for 21 days, with 16 days for diet adaptation and 5 days for data collection, in which they were fed an isonitrogenous diet (16.5 ± 0.2u2009CP, DM basis) containing 70% of concentrate and 30% (DM basis) of Tifton 85 hay. Increasing levels of BMF were 0, 10, 20, and 30% (DM basis). There was a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) on the DM intake, nutrients intake, and digestibility of CP and NFC. The digestibility of DM, OM, TC, and NDF decreased linearly, while EE digestibility increased linearly with increasing levels of BMF. The high NDF content presented in the chemical composition of the babassu mesocarp flour ranked the same as fibrous food, which can limit the inclusion in the diet of high production animals. So, babassu mesocarp flour is an alternative for energy source in lambs feed and can be added at levels up to 10%.

Técnicas de avaliação dos valores energéticos e dos coeficientes de digestibilidade de alguns alimentos para emas (Rhea americana) em crescimento

Avaliaram-se os valores de energia metabolizavel aparente e aparente corrigida (EMA e EMAn, respectivamente), os coeficientes de metabolizacao da energia bruta (CMEB e CMEBn) e da digestibilidade da MS e MO (CDAMS e CDAMO) de alguns alimentos para emas (Rhea americana) de sete meses de idade, utilizando-se as tecnicas de coleta total de excretas e do oxido de cromo como indicador. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com seis tratamentos, cada um com tres repeticoes. O experimento foi realizado tres vezes, sequencialmente. Os valores dos CDAMS, CDAMO, EMA, EMAn, CMEB e CMEBn dos alimentos, determinados por meio da tecnica de coleta total de excretas, foram, de modo geral, superiores aos determinados pela tecnica do oxido de cromo. A tecnica do oxido de cromo mostrou-se inadequada para determinar os CDAMS, CDAMO, EMA, EMAn, CMEB e CMEBn dos alimentos para emas em comparacao a tecnica de coleta total de excretas. Recomenda-se a realizacao de ensaios similares envolvendo outras tecnicas indiretas para estimar parâmetros de digestibilidade nesta especie.

Ingestive Behavior of Ovine Fed with Marandu Grass Silage Added with Naturally Dehydrated Brewery Residue.

The objective was to evaluate the ingestive behavior of ovine fed Marandu grass silage with dehydrated brewery residue added. The experiment had a completely randomized design with five treatments and four repetitions, with the treatments levels of inclusion being of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% natural matter of naturally dehydrated brewery residue for 36 hours to the marandu grass silage. 20 ovines were used and the experimental period was 21 days, 15 being for adaptation to diets. The use of brewery byproduct promoted quadratic effect (P < 0.05) for the consumption of dry matter with maximum point value estimated at adding 23.25% additive. Ingestion efficiency and rumination efficiency of dry matter (g DM/hour) were significant (P < 0.05), by quadratic behavior, and NDF ingestion and rumination efficiency showed crescent linear behavior. The DM and NDF consumption expressed in kg/meal and in minutes/kg were also significant (P < 0.05), showing quadratic behavior. Rumination activity expressed in g DM and NDF/piece was influenced (P < 0.05) by the adding of brewery residue in marandu grass silage in quadratic way, with maximum value estimated of 1.57u2009g DM/bolus chewed in inclusion of 24.72% additive in grass silage. The conclusion is that intermediary levels adding of 20 to 25% dehydrated brewery residue affects certain parameters of ingestive behavior.

EVOLUÇÃO DO ESTRATO HERBÁCEO EM ÁREA DE CAATINGA SOB PASTEJO

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of goat grazing on the structure ofnsix species of herbaceous: Cyperus uncinulatus Schrad ex. Nees, Paspalum scutatum Nees ex. Trin, Diodia sp., Aristida adscensionis L., Chamaecrista desvauxii (Collad) Killip and Evolvulus filipes Mart. and total coverage on the ground in the Caatinga, northeastern of Brazil. The experiment was conducted at the ExperimentalnFarm School/UFPB in Sao Joao do Cariri-PB in three contiguous areas during the year 2008. The treatments consisted of three stocking rates divided into three paddocks: 3.1 an/ha; 1.5 an/ha and 0 an/ha (control). To analyze the structure of herbaceous species it was monitored the coverage of species in 30 plots of 1 m2 per treatment, totaling 90 plots sampled. The total soil coverage was monitored in these plots, in a totalnof 23 readings. The ground cover decrease due to the consumption of herbaceous species in the rainy season, reducing the frequency of species except Aristida adscensionis L. and Evolvulus filipes Mart. that were more persistent at grazing. The species monitored were sensitive to pulses of precipitation, sufficient to trigger a physiological response in terms of plant growth and development.

CARACTERÍSTICAS AGRONÔMICAS, MORFOGÊNICAS E ESTRUTURAIS DO CAPIM-XARAÉS ADUBADO COM DIFERENTES QUANTIDADES DE FÓSFORO

Given the importance of phosphorus to the productivity and sustainability of pasture, the aimnof the present experiment was to evaluate forage yield and some yield components of grass Xaraes cultivated in Cerrado soil and fertilized with different phosphorus amounts. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse of the CCAA/UFMA in Chapadinha Municipality, Region of Lower Parnaiba. The species used was Brachiaria brizantha. Xaraes cultivated in the period from July to November 2011. Using four amounts of P, firstnamely:n0, 50, 70 and 90 kg/ha P2O5, corresponding to the control, low, medium and high technological level. The analysis of variance revealed for the total production of herbage dry matter, leaf dry mass, dry mass of stems, whose highest values were observed at doses of 70 and 90 kg/ha P2O5. The P acted positively on morphogenetic and structural grass Xaraes. However, had no effect on tillering, leaf/stem ratio, production of root dry weightnratio and the aera/root, LAR and LSR.