Daniele de Jesus Ferreira

Hábito de pastejo de vacas lactantes Holandês x Zebu em pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha e Brachiaria decumbens

Avaliou-se o comportamento ingestivo de pastejo de vacas leiteiras em pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha e Brachiaria decumbens, em sistema de lotacao continua com taxa de lotacao variavel. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente ao acaso, com os dois pastos representando os tratamentos, cada um com cinco repeticoes. O periodo experimental foi de 30 dias, sendo 20 para adaptacao dos animais e 10 para avaliacoes, em numero de tres, com duracao de 24h cada, em intervalos de cinco dias. O tempo de pastejo da Brachiaria brizantha foi menor, 10,82h, que o tempo de pastejo da Brachiaria decumbens, 12,86h. Comportamento oposto foi observado para o tempo de ruminacao, 7,95 e 6,45h para os pastos de Brachiaria brizantha e Brachiaria decumbens, respectivamente. A quantidade de bocados por minuto foi menor na Brachiaria decumbens, 37,30, e maior na Brachiaria brizantha, 42,12. Houve adequacao entre os tempos de pastejo, ruminacao e taxa de bocados, de modo que o total de bocados e o tempo de ocio nao foram diferentes entre os dois pastos.

Capim tanzânia (Panicum maximum) sob sombreamento e manejo de corte

Successful silvopastoral systems depend, among other factors, on identifying of grasses tolerant to shading, and knowledge of the pasture management to which they will be submitted. The literature reports separate results on grass, sometimes about the effect of shading and sometimes about the effect of cutting height and interval. The objective of the present research was to study the performance of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia, under four shading levels (0, 25, 50 and 75%), two intervals (30 and 60 days) and three cutting heights (15, 25 and 35 cm). A randomized block design in splitplots with three replications was used, the shading levels representing the units and the factorial the cutting intervals and heights, representing subunits. The results of the treatment effects on the variables showed that the treatments in the with greater cutting interval and heights and the lower shading levels provided to more canopy dry matter in the plants, while the greatest interval and shading levels resulted in the biggest values registered for leaf area.

Fractionation of carbohydrates and protein and rumen degradation kinetic parameters of brachiaria grass silage enriched with rice bran

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the protein and carbohydrate fractions, and to estimate the in situ rumen degradation kinetic parameters of Brachiaria decumbens grass silage with inclusion of rice bran. Five rice bran inclusion levels were tested: 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% of the natural matter, distributed into a completely randomized design with five replications. The brachiaria grass was obtained at 60 days of regrowth by cutting the forage at 10 cm from the soil and ensiling it in 10-L experimental silo bags, which were opened after 40 days. The degradability profiles for DM, CP, NDF and of the feeds for each animal utilized made it possible to obtain the estimates of the parameters analyzed. The contents of total carbohydrates (TCH), fibrous carbohydrates and fraction A+B1 of the TCH decreased linearly as the rice bran levels were elevated. Fraction A of the protein was increased linearly by 0.64% for every 1% of rice bran added to the silage. For nitrogenous fractions B3 and C, there was a decrease of 0.11 and 0.40% for each 1% of rice bran added to the silage, respectively. For the rumen degradability parameters of the dry matter, fractions A and I had estimated increases of 0.54 and 0.04% for every 1% inclusion of rice bran. For the degradation rate of fraction B (c), treatments had no effect. Fractions A and I of the crude protein degradability parameters increased by 0.22 and 0.72%, respectively, with inclusion of 1% rice bran. Inclusion levels of rice bran had no effect on fraction D, on the degradation rate of fraction B (c) or lag time (L) estimated for neutral detergent fiber. Inclusion of 10 and 20% rice bran in the brachiaria grass silage improves protein and carbohydrate fractions and rumen degradation kinetic parameters of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber.

Ingestão e digestibilidade aparente em ovinos alimentados com silagens de capim-elefante inoculadas com Streptococcus bovis

The intake and digestibility were evaluated in grass silage, using 20 adult sheep, mixed breed, distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments: elephant grass silage without inoculant, elephant grass silage inoculated with 106FCU/g of strains of Enterococcus faecium, elephant grass silage inoculated with 106FCU/g strains of Streptococcus bovis JB1, elephant grass silage inoculated with 106FCU/g of strains of S. bovis HC5 and five replicates per treatment. The evaluation period lasted 21 days being 15 for diet adaptation and six for the collections. There was a statistical difference (P<0.05) between the intake of dry matter of the silages assessed, and the highest values were recorded in the silages inoculated with microbial inoculants. Silage without inoculation had the lowest values (P<0.05) of dry matter intake (1.43% BW or 42.79g/kg BW0,75/day) and silage inoculated with Streptococcus bovis HC5 showed higher dry matter intake (2.3% or 56.10BW g/kg BW0,75/day). The lowest digestibility of dry matter occurred in the control silage (42.8% DM) followed by elephant grass silage inoculated with E. faecium and S. bovis JB1, respectively. The apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber was affected by inoculation (P<0.05) with values higher than five percentage points compared to elephant grass silage without inoculant (54.7%).

Perfil fermentativo e valor nutritivo de silagem de capim-elefante inoculada com Streptococcus bovis

EnglishThe experiment was developed to evaluate the effect of strains of Streptococcus bovis (HC5 and JB1) on pH, ammonia production and nutritional value in elephant-grass silages (Pennisetum purpureum Schum). The experimental design was entirely randomized, with three treatments: T1 - elephant- grass, T2 - grass-elephant inoculated with Streptococcus bovis HC5, T3 – elephant grass inoculated with Streptococcus bovis JB1, totaling five replicates per treatment. The smallest value of ammonia was observed in the silage treated with inoculante the base Streptococcus bovis JB1 (5.90% N-total). Inoculation increased the levels of lactic acid and decreased levels of acetic, propionic and butyric acids, and the silages inoculated with Streptococcus bovis JB1 and HC5 were those with the highest values of lactic acid. There were not statistical differences for the tenors of dry matter (MS) and crude protein (PB). For the values of the fibers, the grass-elephant silage inoculated with Streptococcus bovis JB1, it presented the smallest value of neutral detergent fiber (59.77 %) and Hemicellulose (26.71 %). The largest value of in vitro dry matter digestibility (DIVMS) was observed in the silage with Streptococcus bovis JB1, showing superiority of four percentile points (64.23 %) in relation to the treatment without bacterial inoculante (60.35 %). The use Streptococcus bovis JB1 was efficient in the process fermentativo besides promoting would get better in the quality of the fiber and DIVMS in the studied silage. portuguesO experimento foi desenvolvido objetivando- se avaliar o efeito da inoculacao de estirpes de Streptococcus bovis (HC5 e JB1) sobre o pH, a producao de amonia e o valor nutricional em silagens de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com tres tratamentos: T1 - capim-elefante, T2 - capim- elefante inoculado com Streptococcus bovis HC5 e T3 - capim-elefante inoculado com Streptococcus bovis JB1, utilizando cinco repeticoes por tratamento. A menor concentracao de amonia foi observada na silagem tratada com inoculante a base Streptococcus bovis JB1 (5,90 p.100 N- total). A inoculacao aumentou os teores de acido lactico e diminuiu os teores de acidos acetico, butirico e propionico, sendo que as silagens ino- culada com Streptococcus bovis JB1 e HC5 foram os que apresentaram os maiores valores de acido lactico. Nao houve diferenca estatistica para os teores de MS e PB. Para os valores das fibras, a silagem de capim-elefante inoculada com Streptococcus bovis JB1 apresentou o menor valor de FDN (59,77 p.100) e HEM (26,71 p.100). O maior valor da DIVMS foi observado na silagem com Streptococcus bovis JB1, mostrando superioridade de quatro pontos percentuais (64,23 p.100) em relacao ao tratamento sem inoculante bacteriano (60,35 p.100). O uso Streptococcus bovis JB1 melhora o processo fermentativo alem de promover melhorarias na qualidade da fibra e na DIVMS da silagem estudada.

Perdas, perfil fermentativo e composição química das silagens de capim Brachiaria decumbens com inclusão de farelo de arroz

The objective was to assess the effects of rice meal over losses by gas and effluent, the fermentative profile and the chemical composition of Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk silage in laboratory bags. Entirely random lining was used, with five treatments: 0; 10; 20; 30 and 40g/kg rice meal, based on natural grass matter. The values of losses by gas and effluents were reduced linearly in 0.11 and 0.39g/kg DM, while recovery of dry matter increased linearly in 0.32g/kg DM. There was quadratic behavior for pH values and linear decrease for the values of N-ammoniacal and buffering power estimated in 1.1 and 5g/kg DM. Concentrations of acetic, butyric and propionic acids were reduced linearly in 0.1; 0.008 and 0.006g/kg DM, while lactic acid increased linearly in 0.5g/kg DM. Each 1g/kg rice meal promoted linear increase of 4.3; 1.8; 7.1 and 7.0g/kg dry matter levels, crude protein, ethereal extract and total digestible nutrients and linear decrease of 6.9; 4.3 and 2.6g/kg DM of fiber in neutral detergent, fiber in acidic detergent and hemicellulose levels. Inclusion of 10g/kg rice meal already ensures lowering losses by gas and effluents, increase in dry matter recovery, allowing improvements on the fermentative profile and the chemical composition of silage.

Losses through gases and effluent and nutritional value of Brachiaria decumbens with addition of soybean hulls

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the losses of nutrient through gases and effluents, the nutrient recovery, fermentation parameters and the chemical parameters of silages of Brachiaria decumbens with the addition of soybean hulls, testing five levels of inclusion: 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% (as is), with five replications per treatment. After the standardization cut of the forage, performed at 5 cm from the soil level, the soil was fertilized with nitrogen and potassium in the form of ammonium sulfate and potassium chloride, respectively, at 60 kg/ha. After 60 days, the grass was cut at 10 cm from the soil and ensiled. Experimental silos with capacity of 10 liters with Bunsen valve were used. Silos had 3 kg of sand conditioned at the bottom for retention of the effluents. The results show that the contents of dry matter, crude protein, acid detergent insoluble fiber and total digestible nutrients presented positive linear behavior with the inclusion of soybean hulls. In the grass silages with addition of soybean hulls, there was greater recovery of dry matter in relation to the control silage, which is a reflection of the negative linear behavior for the values of losses of gases and effluent. There was quadratic behavior in the pH values and negative linear behavior for the ammonia N values and buffering capacity with the inclusion of the additive in the grass silage. Inclusion of soybean hulls is sufficient to improve the fermentation pattern and minimize the losses through gases and effluents, contributing to the nutrient recovery, in addition to promoting overall improvement of the nutritional value of Brachiaria grass silages.

COMPARAÇÃO DO HABITO ALIMENTAR DE EQÜÍDEOS SOB PASTEJO

Foi conduzido um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar as diferencas no comportamento de equideos em pastagem de coast-cross. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com tres categorias (cavalos, eguas e mulas) representando os tratamentos, cada um com sete repeticoes. O periodo experimental foi de 40 dias, sendo 25 para adaptacao dos animais e 15 para avaliacoes, que consistiram de tres repeticoes, com duracao de 24 horas cada, em intervalos de cinco dias. O teste t demonstrou que os cavalos passaram menos tempo pastejando durante o dia (6,38 horas) em relacao as eguas (8,85 horas) e mulas (7,33 horas). Em relacao ao tempo total em pastejo, as mulas gastaram mais tempo (14,77 horas), enquanto os cavalos pastejaram durante 11,60 horas. Os cavalos permaneceram maior tempo em ocio que as eguas e mulas, enfatizando a menor exigencia nutricional dos cavalos. Nao foram observadas diferencas entre cavalos e eguas, com relacao a quantidade de bocados por minuto. As eguas e mulas aumentaram o seu tempo de pastejo como forma de atingir suas exigencias nutricionais, ja que nao houve diferenca na frequencia de bocados