Henrique Sarubbi Fillmann

Boswellia serrata has Beneficial Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties in a Model of Experimental Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory disease that involves only the colon and rectum, being characterized by leukocyte infiltrate and superficial ulcers in the intestinal mucosa. To evaluate the anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects of extract from the Boswellia serrata plant in an experimental rat model of acute ulcerative colitis induced by the administration of acetic acid (AA). An extract of B. serrata (34.2u2009mg/kg/day) was administered by oral gavage for 2u2009days before and after the induction of colitis with 4u2009mL of 4% AA. The anal sphincter pressure in the colitis group showed a significant decrease compared to that of the control groups (pu2009<u20090.001). The analysis of the values of lipid peroxidation (LPO) obtained by substances that react with thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) showed a significantly increased LPO in the colitis group compared to the control groups (pu2009<u20090.001). The nitric oxide levels and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) showed a significant increase in the colitis group compared to control groups (pu2009<u20090.01). Both pretreatment and treatment with B. serrata exhibited significantly reduced lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide and iNOS and showed improvements in tissue injury and anal sphincter pressure in animals with ulcerative colitis. The B. serrata extract has protective anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects that inhibit inflammatory mediators in acute experimental colitis. Copyright

Hepatic nitrosative stress in experimental diabetes

AIMnThe effects of the inhibition of nitrosative stress by aminoguanidine in an experimental model of diabetes mellitus (DM) were investigated.nnnMETHODSnTwenty-one male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (CO), diabetic (DM), and diabetic treated with aminoguanidine (DM+AG). Aminoguanidine (aminoguanidine hemisulfate salt, Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) was used at a dose of 50 mg/kg (i.p.) during the last 30 days of the experiment. The expression levels of liver lipoperoxidation (TBARS - nmol/mg protein), inducible oxide nitric synthase (iNOS), nitrotyrosine and the NFκB nuclear transcription factor p65 were examined using western blot analysis.nnnRESULTSnThe DM group demonstrated an increase in lipoperoxidation and in the expression of iNOS, nitrotyrosine and p65. Aminoguanidine reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation and protein expression levels of iNOS, nitrotyrosine and p65.nnnCONCLUSIONnAminoguanidine treatment reduces liver oxidative and nitrosative stress in diabetic animals. In addition, aminoguanidine reduced the expression of p65 in the liver.

Estudo comparativo entre manitol e polietilenoglicol no preparo intestinal para colonoscopia

OBJETIVOS: O estudo visa comparar o preparo intestinal para colonoscopia com manitol a 10%, com o uso de polietilenoglicol (PEG). Levou-se em conta o custo de cada preparo, tolerabilidade, eficacia, e alteracoes bioquimicas causadas pela administracao. METODOS: Desenvolveu-se um ensaio clinico randomizado, duplo-cego, unicentrico. Pacientes que ja haviam feito o exame foram excluidos. Fez-se a dosagem de hematocrito, sodio, potassio e cloretos antes e depois do preparo. Escalas de sintomatologia e eficacia foram utilizadas. O custo foi calculado pelo volume medio necessario para obter-se evacuacao com liquido claro sem residuos. RESULTADOS: Foi necessario um litro a mais de solucao de PEG para o preparo. Apesar disso, a tolerabilidade desta solucao foi melhor. Na avaliacao do colonoscopista sobre a qualidade do preparo, o manitol obteve vantagem. Nao houveram alteracoes bioquimicas significativas, e o custo foi comparavel. CONCLUSAO: O manitol, apesar de parecer provocar mais sintomatologia nos pacientes, e mais eficaz na limpeza do colon. Apesar de nao ter seu uso endossado pelos ultimos consensos internacionais, mostra-se seguro e eficaz. O PEG torna-se de custo vantajoso quando comprado pelo paciente, porem o manitol e mais barato em ambiente hospitalar.

Relato de caso: metástase de carcinoma de mama para o intestino grosso

Gastrointestinal manifestations of breast cancer are not commom. We report a case of a female patient who was submitted to a laparotomy with clinical and radiological signs of large bowell obstruction. Her clinical hitory showed that she was treated for breast cancer several years before. Pathology indicated that a metastatic carcinoma within the bowell wall was the cause of the obstruction. Previous reports described the lobular carcinoma of the breast as the most commom type of breast cancer to produce bowell metastases. The stomach is described as the most frequent site of this metastatic dissemination. Since sistemic disease is common within these patients, surgical ressection is indicated only in the presence of complications like obstruction or bleeding.

Protective effect of glutamine on the main and adjacent organs damaged by ischemia-reperfusion in rats

Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) causes cellular and tissue damage to the intestine and remote organs such as the liver. Increased production of ROS and nitric oxide and dysregulation of cytoprotective enzymes may be involved in intestinal I/R. The aim was to evaluate the protective effects of glutamine on the intestine and liver of rats with intestinal I/R injury. Twenty male Wistar rats (300xa0g) were divided into four groups: sham-operated (SO), glutamine + SO (Gxa0+xa0SO), I/R, and glutamine + I/R (Gxa0+xa0I/R). Occlusion of the SMA for 30xa0min was followed by 15-min reperfusion. Glutamine (25xa0mg/kg/day) was administered once daily 24 and 48xa0h before I/R induction. Blood and tissue of were collected for aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, histopathological analysis, immunohistochemistry of IL-1β and TNF-α, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and nitric oxide, Nrf2/keap1, superoxide dismutase (SOD), NADPH quinone oxidoreductase1 (NQO1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), heat shock protein (HSP70), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF-6) by western blot. Statistic analysis by ANOVA–Student-Newman-Keuls test (meanxa0±xa0SE) significantly was pxa0<xa00.05. Tissue damage, AST, ALT, IL-1β, TNF-α, TBARS, NO, Keap1, iNOS, GRP78, and ATF-6 expression were significantly lower in the Gxa0+xa0I/R group as compared to the I/R group. Expression of Nrf2, SOD, NQO1, and HSP70, was significantly higher in the Gxa0+xa0I/R group as compared to I/R group. Pre-treatment with glutamine provided protection against oxidative damage in the intestine and liver in an experimental model of intestinal I/R.

Anorectal melanoma: review of diagnosis and treatment based on a case report

Anorectal Melanoma is a rare and very aggressive tumor that should be part of the range of differential diagnoses of colorectal diseases. Today, the main discussion on the topic is about the best treatment, whether it should be more conservative or more aggressive. In order to review the main points on the subject, the authors report a case of a patient treated at the Coloproctology Service at the Sao Lucas Hospital, PUCRS.

Avaliação da incidência e de fatores de risco para a colite isquêmica após reparo de aneurisma de aorta abdominal

Ischemic colitis is a relatively uncommon complication following abdominal aortic aneurism repair. However, patients with this disease have higher rates of mortality when compared to ischemic colitis alone. The objective of our study is to investigate the incidence and risk factors associated with the occurrence of ischemic colitis following abdominal aortic aneurism repair. We studied eleven patients treated by surgery for aortic aneurism at Hospital Sao Lucas da PUCRS (HSL-PUCRS). The patients were evaluated for other clinical conditions and were submitted to flexible reto-sigmoidoscopy at the seventh day after surgery. Incidence of ischemic colitis was 36% and it was associated with chronic obstructive pulmonar disease and the presence of blood flow through the inferior mesenteric artery before surgery. Among the patients with colitis, 25% presented the gangrenous form of the disease. Mortality was 25%, and 75% of the patients have only endoscopic manifestations. In conclusion, incidence of ischemic colitis in our study was higher than observed in the literature and it was associated with chronic obstructive pulmonar disease and the presence of blood flow through the inferior mesenteric artery before the surgical treatment for the aneurism.