Herman Hoeksema

Chapter 12. Aminocyclitol and Other Antibiotics

Publisher Summary Aminocyclitols includes both aminoglycosides and other antibiotics that contain aminocyclitolmoieties but no aminosugar minocyclitols, such as Amikacin, Sisomicin, Verdamicin, Netilmicin, undergo clinical examination, while tobramycin and amikacin are available for medical use. Gentamicin provides the standard for the measurement of progress in aminocyclitol chemotherapy. In chemotherapeutic agents, Sisomicin was equivalent to Gentamicin protecting mice against five infecting organisms. Apramycin showed effect against enteric disease in cattle. Macrolides provide clinical trials for erythromycin A, 11, 12-cyclic carbonate. Chloramphenicol- L-Threocchloramphenico, an isomer that does not inhibit mitochondria1 protein synthesis, did an effect on bone marrow in rats. Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis and polyketide synthesis accounts for the activity of cerulenin, while terandamycin interfere with RNA polymerase, thus inhibiting transcription. In peptides, SCH-18640, produced by Micromonos ora arborensis, was characterized as a member of the thiostrepton group. The polymixin B was located at the bacterial membrane 145 and the dipeptideenomycin inhibits, the initial phase of protein synthesis. Polyethers, interfere with the normal function of the microbial membranes. Amikacin was found to have good activity against many isolates resistant to Gentamicin, Kanamycin, Tobramycin, and Sisomicin, because of its stability towards inactivating enzyme. Bis-2-imidazole disulfides are used for cyclization of hydroxy acids to macrolactones.