Herry Purnomo

Measuring the effectiveness of landscape approaches to conservation and development

Landscape approaches attempt to achieve balance amongst multiple goals over long time periods and to adapt to changing conditions. We review project reports and the literature on integrated landscape approaches, and found a lack of documented studies of their long-term effectiveness. The combination of multiple and potentially changing goals presents problems for the conventional measures of impact. We propose more critical use of theories of change and measures of process and progress to complement the conventional impact assessments. Theories of change make the links between project deliverables, outputs, outcomes, and impacts explicit, and allow a full exploration of the landscape context. Landscape approaches are long-term engagements, but short-term process metrics are needed to confirm that progress is being made in negotiation of goals, meaningful stakeholder engagement, existence of connections to policy processes, and effectiveness of governance. Long-term impact metrics are needed to assess progress on achieving landscapes that deliver multiple societal benefits, including conservation, production, and livelihood benefits. Generic criteria for process are proposed, but impact metrics will be highly situation specific and must be derived from an effective process and a credible theory of change.

Harnessing the climate commons: an agent-based modelling approach to making reducing emission from deforestation and degradation (REDD)+work

Humans have created a worldwide tragedy through free access to the global common atmosphere. The Conference of the Parties (COP) on climate change increased political commitment to reduce emission from deforestation and degradation and to enhance carbon stocks (REDD+). However, government sectors, political actors, business groups, civil societies, tree growers and other interest groups at different levels may support or reject REDD+. The paper used Arena-Actor-Institution concept to understand REDD+and provides agent-based modeling approach to harnessing its processes. The model explores: (a) how providers are likely to decrease or increase carbon stocks on their landscapes under ‘business as usual’ institutions; (b) how they are likely to negotiate with potential buyers with regards to the involvement of brokers (governments or nongovernmental organizations); and (c) how altruism and collaboration can affect the affectivity of REDD+. The model was developed as a spatially explicit model to consider the complexity of REDD+target landscapes. The simulation results are examined against the 3E+criteria, i.e. effectiveness in carbon emission reduction, cost efficiency and equity among involved stakeholders and co-benefit of other activities. This study took the Jambi landscape in Indonesia as a case. The results explain how REDD+agreement areas increase with higher carbon prices, e.g. US

PENATAKELOLAAN KAWASAN HUTAN RAWAN KONFLIK MELALUI PENDEKATAN METODOLOGI SISTEM LUNAK : KASUS HUTAN PENELITIAN BENAKAT, SUMATERA SELATAN

25 or US

Developing multi-stakeholder forest management scenarios: a multi-agent system simulation approach applied in Indonesia

35. However, the simulation also shows that even with low carbon prices GHG emissions will decrease if the altruism degree and collective actions of the actors increases. The paper describes institutional arrangements which would help to harness the global commons of climate change.

Analysis of local perspectives on sustainable forest management: an Indonesian case study

Banyak kawasan hutan Indonesia berada dalam kondisi tidak terkelola dan terabaikan sehingga dianggap sebagai kawasan konflik. Hal tersebut terjadi karena ketidaktegasan pemerintah berkaitan dengan keinginan pemangku kepentingan terhadap penggunaan sumber daya. Salah satu pendekatan yang dikenal baik yang memfokuskan pada penjelasan sudut pandang yang berbeda ialah Soft System Methode (SSM), yang digunakan luas dan berhasil dalam banyak situasi masalah yang rumit. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan pemahaman opini stakeholder yang berbeda (terpencar) terhadap perubahan yang diinginkan dan memungkinkan, dengan menggunakan SSM. Penelitian dilaksanakan di salah satu blok pengelolaan yang terabaikan di Hutan Penelitian Benakat di Sumatera Selatan, yang disebut “Agroforestry Block”. Disimpulkan bahwa tahap intervensi dari SSM yang dikendalikan dengan fasilitas reflektif/umpan balik dapat meningkatkan pembelajaran sosial diantara pelaku-pelaku yang bertentangan, sehingga menawarkan cara baru terhadap pengelolaan masa depan blok agroforestry. Tahap ini belum secara signifikan mengubah perilaku partisipan yang terlibat