Yusli Wardiatno

Variation in Morphometric Characters in Four Sand Crab (Albunea symmysta) Populations Collected from Sumatra and Java Island, Indonesia

Variation in morphometric characters in four sand crab (Albunea symmysta) populations from four intertidal areas in Sumatra (Aceh and Bengkulu) and Java (Cilacap and Yogyakarta) were studied. Crabs collected from the four sites were measured to obtain 10 morphometric characters, i.e., carapace length (CL), carapace width (CW), ocular peduncle length and width (LOP and WOP), telson length and width (LT and WT), merus length (ML), carpus length (CaL), propodus length (PL), and dactylus length (DL). Allometric relationships were established among three morphometric characters (CW, PL, and DL) for each site, in which CL was fixed on the abscissa as a reference variable. The analysis of covariance showed that population from Yogyakarta had a greater carapace width and the Aceh population had a longer dactylus length. In terms of propodus length, the Aceh population had a longer dactylus length than the Bengkulu population. Two group populations were detected by cluster analysis with 10 morphometric characters, i.e., the Sumatra population and the Java population.

Biodiversity and Distribution of Horseshoe Crabs in Northern Coast of Java and Southern Coast of Madura

Horseshoe crab is an important component of macro-benthos communities in the fine sand or mud substrate in coastal waters, both in the tropical and temperate region. This primitive animal consists of four species in the world, and three species can be found di Asian region, including Indonesia, namely Tachypleus tridentatus, T. gigas, and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. Scientific information about species distribution of three Asian horseshoe crab in Indonesia is limited, also about morphometric characters. This study aims to determine the morphometric characters and species distribution of three Asian horseshoe crab in north coast of Java and south coast of Madura Island. This study was conducted on July-August 2016. The total number of three Asian horseshoe crab obtained in this study was 260 individuals, distributed along north coast of Java and south coast of Madura Island, respectively 176 individuals of C. rotundicauda, 35 individuals of T. tridentatus, and 49 individuals of T. gigas. Tachypleus gigas has the largest size and widest class interval among three Asian horseshoe crab species. Morphometric characters is differences among three Asian horseshoe crab species. Carapace width and telson length were not significantly different among sampling locations only in T. tridentatus.

Reproductive Biology of Ovigerous Female Emerita emeritus (Crustacea, Decapoda) in Bengkulu Coastal Waters, Indonesia: Egg Production and Reproductive Output

Abstract Emerita emeritus is an abundant species in Bengkulu coastal waters, but the knowledge of its reproductive biology is poor. The present study was conducted to elucidate the reproductive aspects of ovigerous female E. emeritus, including fecundity, egg volume and reproductive output. This study was conducted between January 2015 and January 2016 in Bengkulu coastal waters, Indonesia. Samples were collected manually using shovels and hands. The results showed that ovigerous females occurred every month. Fecundity increased significantly in ovigerous females proportional to the size. No correlation was shown between sea surface temperature and egg production. Fecundity and reproductive output decreased throughout the embryonic development.

First record of Puerulus mesodontus Chan, Ma & Chu, 2013 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Achelata, Palinuridae) from south of Java, Indonesia

Abstract Background Three specimens of Puerulus mesodontus Chan, Ma & Chu, 2013 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Achelata, Palinuridae) were collected from Palabuhanratu Bay, southern Java, Indonesia. There is no previous record on the presence of the species in Indonesia. This finding represents the first record of this species in Java, Indonesia, and confirms that the species is present in the Indian Ocean. The morphological characters of the species are described. New information This paper contains a new distribution record of a lobster species from Indonesian waters.

Sex-changing patterns of Akoya pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata)

BackgroundPearl production by transplantation in Akoya pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata) is a biotechnology developed in Japan that skillfully utilizes the pearl-forming ability of oysters. In this method, cultured pearls are formed from a pearl nucleus and a small piece of mantle transplanted into the gonads of recipient pearl oysters. In this study, we hypothesized that the sex of the recipient pearl oyster might affect the quality of pearl produced. While some previous studies have examined the sex of Akoya pearl oyster, detailed information is lacking.ResultsTo investigate sex in Akoya pearl oyster, we collected small gonadal fragments from 1-year-old pearl oysters by biopsy. Using the collected gonad fragment, the sex of the oysters was determined by microscopic observation, and the remaining samples were stored for gene expression analyses. All oysters were labeled to distinguish each individual for serial samplings every four months over the 2-year study period. At the start of experiment, nearly all of the pearl oysters were male, but the male:female ratio ofmale decreased over the course of the experiment. Interestingly, the number of males increased after spring, during the breeding season. This suggests that, in pearl oyster, sex is affected by season. Expression analysis of sex-related genes (Dmrt2, Vtg, Zp) indicated that all genes were expressed in all individuals and all periods.ConclusionsThese results suggest that Akoya pearl oysters are hermaphroditic, and that females appear as necessary, such as during the breeding season. These findings could contribute to higher efficiency and quality of pearl cultivation.

HASIL TANGKAPAN PER UPAYA DAN PARAMETER POPULASI LOBSTER PASIR (Panulirus homarus) DI PERAIRAN GUNUNG KIDUL Catch per Unit Effort and Population Parameters of Scalloped Spiny Lobster (Panulirus homarus) in Gunung Kidul Waters

Scalloped Spiny Lobster (P. homarus) of the genus Panulirus is the most caught species in the coastal waters of Gunung Kidul. The intensity of fishing activities and less environmentally friendly fishing practices caused decline in catch per unit effort (CPUE) of this species. The objective of this study is to analyze the exploitation rate of P. homarus in Gunung Kidul waters using CPUE trend and population parameters as indicators. From February 2013 to January 2014, there were 1067of P. homarus collected using a stratified random sampling method for the duration of the research.The carapace length data were analyzed using analytical model application of ELEFAN I program. Daily catchment product was obtained from middlemen for five consecutive years to identify the CPUE trend. The result showed that there was a decrease in CPUE of P. homarus in 2010 and 2011.The average carapace length of the first capture (Lc) (53 mm CL) was smaller than the size of first sexually mature lobster (Lm) (58,5 mm CL). The exploitation rate of P. homarus had also exceeded 0,5. These factors indicated that Scalloped Spiny Lobster (P. homarus) was over exploited. In this study, mortality rate of fish catches (F) was influenced by the high value of E0.5 which is highly correlated with fishing pressure.Von Bertalanffy growth function shows that both females and males of P. homarus have a slow growth rate (0,46/year and 0,49/year), which is still in the range of Palinuridae family’s growth rate (0,27-0,54/year). The maximum age is between 8-10 years old, which is younger than other lobster species in Palinuridae family. Harvest control and environmentally friendly fishing practices are necessary to reduce fishing pressure of this species. Keywords: CPUE, exploitation, Panulirus homarus, populationABSTRAKLobster pasir (Panulirus homarus) merupakan spesies lobster dari genus Panulirus yang paling banyak tertangkap di perairan Gunung Kidul. Intensitas penangkapan yang dilakukan sepanjang tahun serta ketidakpahaman sebagian besar nelayan terhadap penangkapan yang ramah lingkungan telah mengakibatkan penurunan hasil tangkapan per upaya tangkap (CPUE) dari spesis ini.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tekanan eksploitasi P. homarus di perairan Gunung Kidul ditinjau dari tren CPUE dan parameter populasinya. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Februari 2013–Januari 2014. Sebanyak 1067 ekor P. homarus dijadikan contoh dengan metode penarikan contoh acak berlapis setiap bulan selama periode penelitian. Data panjang karapas P. Homarus diolah dengan aplikasi model analitik menggunakan program ELEFAN 1. Data hasil tangkapan harian diperoleh melalui catatan pembelian nelayan pengumpul selama lima tahun berturut-turut untuk mengetahui tren CPUE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi penurunan CPUE P. homarus pada tahun 2010 dan 2011. Ukuran rata-rata P. homarus pertama kali tertangkap (Lc) lebih kecil (53 mm CL) dari ukuran matang kelamin secara fungsionalnya (Lm) (58,5 mm CL). Nilai laju eksploitasi (E0.5) juga sudah melebihi 0,5. Dua hal ini menjadi indikator sudah mengalami tangkap lebih.Nilai laju kematian karena penangkapan (F) berkontribusi besar terhadap tingginya nilai E dalam penelitan ini, yang dikaitkan erat dengan tingginya tekanan penangkapan terhadap spesis ini. Fungsi pertumbuhan von Bertalanffy untuk lobster betina dan jantan menunjukkan bahwa lobster memiliki pertumbuhan yang lambat (0,46/tahun dan 0,49/tahun) namun masih dalam rentang laju pertumbuhan dari lobster-lobster famili Palinuridae pada umumnya (0,27-0,54/tahun). Umur maksimal yang dapat dicapai antara 8-10 tahun, lebih muda dibanding lobster-lobster famili Palinuridae pada umumnya. Pengendalian penangkapan dan penerapan penangkapan yang ramah lingkungan perlu dilakukan untuk menghindari tekanan penangkapan terhadap spesis ini.Kata kunci: CPUE, eksploitasi, Panulirus homarus, populasi

PENGELOLAAN PERIKANAN LOBSTER DENGAN PENDEKATAN EAFM DI TELUK PALABUHANRATU

This research was conducted in the Palabuhanratu Bay-Sukabumi in March 2016. The purpose of this study is to diagnose the Palabuhanratu Lobster Fishery using factors of Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM). Water sampling was conducted at two lobster fishing ground. Measuring and weighing morphology lobster were conducted in collectorss house. The results of this study showed that Palabuhanratu bay water quality was still within tolerable limits for live lobster. Panulirus homarus is the most widely lobster caught below the size of a decent catch, reaching 2528.9 Kg. CPUE of lobster was declining which indicates a decline in the stock of lobster. The income of fishermen were still very far from the average wage and stakeholder participation was still lacking in the management of the lobster fishery.

Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metal on surface sediment in west part of Java Sea

The surface sediments were identified from west part of Java Sea to evaluate spatial distribution and ecological risk potential of heavy metals (Hg, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni). The samples were taken from surface sediment ( Hg>Pb>Ni>Cu>As>Zn>Cr. Furthermore, the result of multivariate statistical analysis shows that correlation among heavy metals (As/Ni, Cd/Ni, and Cu/Zn) and heavy metals with Risk Index (Cd/Ri and Ni/Ri) had positive correlation in significance level p 1). On the cluster analysis, Cd, Ni, Pb were identified as fairly high contaminations level (cluster 1), Hg as moderate contamination level (cluster 2) and Cu, Zn, Cr with lower contamination level (cluster 3).

Spatial distribution and biophysics chemistry characterization of Pearl Oyster farming in Semau Strait, East Nusa Tenggara

Pearl oyster is one of marine organisms which has high of economic value. One of Indonesia region that potential for pearl oyster farming activity is Semau Strait-East Nusa Tenggara. The purpose of this study is mapping and characterize spatial distribution based on biophysics chemistry condition of pearl oyster farming. Mapping using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools, while grouping and characterize using hierarchical clustering and Mann-Whitney method. Grouping based on character similarity of biophysics chemistry divided the stations distribution into three groups: Group I is excellent group, Group II is good group and Group III is bad group for pearl oyster farming. Group I is excellent area because it has the highest values of dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a, and phytoplankton abundance. Group III is bad area because it temperature is high relatively.

Assessing the ecological status of the Cisadane River’s headwaters using benthic macroinvertebrates

Benthic macroinvertebrates are commonly used in river health biomonitoring. In monitoring program biotic indices are now widely established in water quality monitoring around the world, including in the tropical countries. The aim of this study was to reveal the ecological status of Cisadane Rivers headwaters in inside and outside of Mount Halimun-Salak National Park by using benthic macroinvertebrates. The research was conducted in the headwaters of Cisadane River located in Mount Halimun-Salak National Park. Macroinvertebrates were collected from four sites, i.e. inside the park (station 1, 2, 3, and 4) and from two sites outside the park (station 5 and 6). Collections were made twice a month, starting from April to June 2015 by means of Surber sampler (frame area 30x30 cm). A total of 65 genera from 38 families and 11 orders were found in the river. The results showed that based on diversity index, Lincoln Quality Index (LQI), Family Biotic Index (FBI), and Stream Invertebrate Grade Number Average Level 2 (SIGNAL 2), stations located within national park were ecologically better than those outside national park. Rivers with well-preserved riverside vegetation, as in the national park area have greater ecological status.