Hideki Kaneda

Non-invasive visualization of sperm mitochondria behavior in transgenic mice with introduced green fluorescent protein (GFP)

Using high sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we previously demonstrated that selective elimination of sperm mitochondrial DNA occurred during early embryogenesis in mouse. To analyze the process morphologically in more detail, a non‐invasive, real‐time observation of sperm mitochondria was used. Transgenic mice that express green fluorescent protein (GFP) exclusively in mitochondria (mtGFP‐tg mice) were generated. The fluorescence in mtGFP‐tg mice was strong and stable enough to carry out repeated observations under confocal laser scanning microscopy. In these mtGFP‐tg mice it was revealed that the sperm mitochondria were selectively eliminated from egg cytoplasm during the two‐cell stage of early embryogenesis. Therefore, mtGFP‐tg mice should contribute to studies on sequential or repeated analysis of mitochondria.

Additional file 18: of Protein-restricted diet during pregnancy after insemination alters behavioral phenotypes of the progeny

List of genes that exhibited higher expression level in FA group relative to PR group in adult brain. Table also includes identifiers such as Probe name, PrimaryAccession ID, GeneSymbol, Gene ontology (GO), Gene description, chromosome number, P value in Tukeyâ s multiple comparison test adjusted by FDR, and mean fold change of expression level. (CSV 1 kb)