Hiroaki Okawai

Transition of rates of respiration and pulse, and sleeping posture during night detected by body motion wave

In order to study autonomic nervous system during sleep, body motion wave, BMW, was adopted. BMW was produced by dynamic air pressure sensor to obtain information of respiration, pulse and body action during sleep, viz., unconscious state. In addition, the information of body position produced by a pressure sensor array was adopted. As a result, it was demonstrated that (1) the rate pattern were classified into almost three patterns, (2) the transition of rates of respiration and pulse had periodicity, and (3) the periods in the transition of the rates of respiration and pulse did not always agree, (4) the rate of action changed through one night in the range approximately one or two times for every minute. It was thus found that both respiratory and circulation systems were controlled by autonomic nervous system with a little different manner. In addition, body actions produced by skeletal muscles controlled by somatic nervous system, occurred approximately with some rhythms during sleep, as well known to be sleeping posture.

Sophisticated Rate Control of Respiration and Pulse during Sleep Studied by Body Motion Wave

The purpose of the present study is to consider how respiration and pulse are controlled by autonomic nervous system during sleep, i.e., unconscious state. In addition, how and why sleeping posture change occurs also under unconscious state. For the methodology for the above question, a dynamic air pressure sensor was adopted to detect body motion wave (BMW) to produce information of respiration, pulse and unconscious actions. As a result, it was found that i) transition of rates of respiration and pulse had three slope patterns with some difference between the two, ii) both transitions had periodicity but not same between the two, and iii) the change of sleeping posture occurred to significantly vary both rates under the control by autonomic nervous system. Also for the change of sleeping posture at unconscious state, it can be considered to vary above two rates under some direct or indirect control of autonomic nervous system.

Relation among Breathing Pattern, Sleep Posture and BMI during Sleep Detected by Body Motion Wave

Sleep is an important theme in order to know and keep health. In this study, we investigated the relationship between breathing pattern and sleep posture by using the dynamic air-pressure sensor and a pressure sensor array. In addition, the value of BMI was considered to describe the physical characteristics of the subjects. As a result, we found breathing patterns and sleep postures associated with the physical characteristics such as BMI, and further study would suggest a new index of biological information.

Development of Electric Rust Preventive Machining Method - Correspond to Difference of Water in World: Use of Deionized Refined Water

Grinding fluid & cutting oil are contained various chemicals. Waste fluid treatment causes huge disposal cost and heavy environmental load. This investigation proposes the electric rust preventive machining method system that water is used as machining fluid. However, there are various problems for this practical use. In this paper, using and re-using of machining water are considered. Water quality is different in various foreign regions for containing impurity ingredient varying with each area. Correspond to water difference, water purification and deionization is examined in developed machining water refine recycle system experimentally. Synthesized water that is likened to hard water is composed from refined water (pure water which is made by water recycle system). And, it is confirmed that synthesized water is refined to deionize by water recycle system. Moreover, 12.25L/min refined water is achieved. In addition, it is indicated that electric rust prevention is possible by refined water at least 1hour. However, high voltage and device twist is necessary.

Development of Electric Rust Preventive Machining Method - Correspond to Difference of Water in World: Use of Adjusted Synthesized Water

For low environmental load and decreasing waste fluid disposal cost, the electric rust preventive machining method that uses only water as machining fluid has been developed. However, there are several problems for this practical use. In this investigation, for using this method in various regions of the world, reset and synthesis of water quality that is different in regions for containing impurity ingredient and water hardness is examined. At first, water is deionized and purified with water refine recycle system. Afterward, synthesized water is reproduced. Hardness and conductivity is adjusted in water by addition of very small amount of natural hardness ingredient CaSO4. Consequently, even if water is different, constant quality of the water can be always secured anywhere in world. Furthermore, electric rust prevention is achieved 3hours with adjusted 100S/cm synthesized water. However, adhesion derived from anode is appeared in workpiece 2hours. It is possible that the electric rust preventive machining can be carried out stability anywhere in world.

Development of Electric Rust Preventive Machining Method -Water Using for Machining: Improvement of Water Recycle System-

Currently, the machining fluid includes several chemicals such as cutting oil and grinding oil is used for the machining. However, such the machining fluid that is caused enormous disposal cost and environmental load, should reduce using. Therefore, in this investigation, electric rust preventive machining method which uses only water for machining fluid is developed. Because using only water without extreme pressure agents, oil and so on, this method decreases disposal of waste machining fluid. In this paper, the system to remove impurities from a used machining fluid, and to reuse machining fluid is designed. To reproduce water efficiently, the order of arranging the filter is changed. In consequence, it has been efficient when the filtration filter is set up first, and the activated carbon filter is set up in the second. In addition, the reproduction of the water when the supply pressure is 0.75 MPa is verified by using this system. As a result, the water which passed a water recycle system, the impurities such as iron, conductivity, turbidity, colour decreased, and purification of the water is possible for this system. And, 5.2 L/min refined water recycle is achieved.

Physiological Detection of Satisfaction for Services by Body Motion Wave Revealing Unconscious Responses Reflecting Activities of Autonomic Nervous Systems

For suppliers it is a significant theme to know how much their services satisfied customers. Questionnaire survey is often adopted; however, the reply from customers is not always accurate. This paper describes a detecting method of a more accurate reply by entrusting the reply for the services to unconscious responses reflecting activities of autonomic nervous system during sleep. Such experiment was performed on the idea that there is some relationship between satisfaction and conditions of both mental and physical activities. As a result, the unconscious responses of phenomena of respiration and pulse through nights showed satisfaction instead of conscious responses.

Development of electric rust preventive machining method system – safe water using for machining fluid: complete removal of bacteria (Legionella pneumophila) and assay

In manufacturing, machining fluid as cutting oil or grinding fluid is used for machining. This fluid contains several chemicals such as oil, surface active agent, extreme pressure agent (chlorine, phosphorus, sulphur, etc.), rust preventive agent, antiseptic agent, germicide and so on for improvement machining performance. However, it is not good for human body and environment. It is afraid that workers health hazard is occurred by fluid mist absorption in breath and splash contacting. In addition, waste fluid needs disposal treatment (incineration or coagulative precipitation and landfill, etc.) that is high cost and heavy environmental load. Therefore, environmental friendly and harmless machining is proposed for nanomanufacturing and green manufacturing. The electric rust preventive machining method system is developed in this investigation. This method system use only water (tap water, under ground water, industrial water) as machining fluid. Water only machining lead to greatly decreasing of waste fluid treatment and petroleum oil resources saving. In addition, complete removal of bacteria (Legionella pneumophila) for safe machining water by improvement water recycle system installed reverse osmosis membrane and ultraviolet radiation unit with non-using chemicals is evaluated by biological cultivation assay. And artificially contaminated tank water bacteria amount tendency is estimated.

Development of an Innovative Water Machining System Employing the Electric Rust Preventive Method - Precise Evaluation of Purity of the Refined Water with a Laser Turbidity Meter

Green manufacturing is important subject. In order to reduce waste disposal cost and environmental load, decreasing machining fluid that contains several chemicals such as oil, extreme pressure agent etc. is demanded. In this investigation, the electric rust preventive machining method system that uses only water as machining fluid have been developed. This paper mentioned about evaluation of recycled water quality. The refined water that is purified with developed water recycle system which is installed reverse osmosis membrane (RO) is too clean to evaluate by normal method till now. Using laser turbidity meter, precise water purification is evaluated precisely. Therefore, it is clarified that RO refined water turbidity (RO1=0.0006, RO2=0.0003) is very low compared with clean tap water (0.1207). So, water recycle system can remove contaminating fine particle from water. It is expected that scratch less ultra precision machining with water is enabled to conduct with high filtration ability.

Relationship between pulse rate and femoral muscle activities

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between pulse rate and femoral muscle activities. 10 normal subjects were tasked a lump stress test by a bicycle ergometer. As a result, the change of the pulse rate and the muscle activity RMS (vastus medialis(VM) and vastus lateralis(VL)) were the same timings in a heavy load. The change of the pulse rate and muscle activity angular range (rectus femoris (RF) and biseps femoris (BF)) were the same timings in a light load. It seemed that pulse rate and muscle activity RMS (VM and VL) had a relationship to response to a heavy load, and pulse rate and angular range of muscle activity (RF and BF) had a relationship to response to a light load.