Hirotoshi Tamura

Structure of gentiodelphin, an acylated anthocyanin isolated from Gentiana Makinoi, that is stable in dilute aqueous solution

Abstract Structure of gentiodelphin is determined to be 5, 3′-d8-O-(6-O- trans -caffeoylβ-D-glucosyl)-3-O-(β-D-glucosyl)delphinidin. The anthocyanin is stable in dilute neutral aqueous solution. This stabilization may be caused from intramoleculaur hydrophobic interactions among the aromatic nuclei; the anthocyanidin being sandwiched win between two caffeic acids.

Structure determination of heavenly blue anthocyanin, a complex monomeric anthocyanin from the morning glory Ipomoea tricolor, by means of the negative Noe method

Abstract The structure of heavenly blue anthocyanin was elucidated to be 3-0-(2-0-(6-0-( trans -3-0-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)caffeyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-6-0 -( trans -4-0-(6-0-( trans -3-0-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)caffeyl)-β-D-gluco-pyranosyl)caffeyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-5-0-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)peonidin by application of the negative NOE difference spectroscopy.

Structure of platyconin, a diacylated anthocyanin isolated from the Chinese bell-flower Platycodon grandiflorum

Abstract Structure of platyconin is determined to be 3-O-(6-O-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-β- d -glucopyranosyl)-7-O-(6-O-( trans -4-O- ( trans -4-O-(β- d -glucopyranosyl)-caffeoyl)-β- d -glucopyranosyl)caffeoyl)-β- d -glucopyranosyl)delphinidin.

Rosmarinic Acid Extract for Antioxidant, Antiallergic, and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities, Isolated by Supramolecular Technique and Solvent Extraction from Perilla Leaves

Rosmarinic acid extract with potent biological activities was successfully isolated by supramolecular technique and solvent extraction from Perilla leaves. By the supramolecular complex which was formed from flavocommelin and Perilla leaf extract as initial materials, the supernatant containing rosmarinic acid was isolated. Rosmarinic acid extract (62.9 ± 4.5% purity) was partly purified by partitioning ethyl acetate and water. Rosmarinic acid extract exhibited high total phenolic content of 433.9 ± 58.6 μg/mg of gallic acid equivalent, effective DPPH radical scavenging activity (SC50 of 5.5 ± 0.2 μg/mL), antiallergic activity (IC50 of 52.9 ± 6.7 μg/mL), and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 of 0.23 ± 0.01 mg/mL). Rosmarinic acid extract shows high potential for diabetes mellitus and allergy treatments by inhibiting α-glucosidase activity and measuring β-hexosaminidase, related to life-style disease.

Structure of malonylawobanin, the real anthocyanin present in blue-colored flower petals of commelina communis☆

Abstract The real anthocyanin in Commelina communis is not awobanin, but malonylawobanin, whose structure was determined to be 3-O-(6-O-( trans -p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucosyl)-5-O-(6-O-malonyl-β-D-glucosyl) delphinidin ( 1 ).

Antioxidative activity measurement in lipid peroxidation systems with malonaldehyde and 4-hydroxy nonenal

Antioxidative activities of vitamin E, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), ferulic acid, and butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) were monitored with lipid peroxidation systems. Formation of malonaldehyde (MA) and 4-hydroxy nonenal (4-HN) from ethyl linoleate or rat liver microsome oxidized by FeCl2/H2O2 or ADP/FeSO4 was measured by gas chromatography. Over 90% of MA and 4-HN formation was inhibited by 100 mmol/L of vitamin E. A synthetic antioxidant, BHT, showed the strongest antioxidative activity, followed by that of vitamin E, whereas EDTA accelerated formation of MA and 4-HN in the ethyl linoleate/FeCl2/H2O2 system. Vitamin E did not suppress lipid peroxidation significantly when microsome was oxidized by ADP/FeSO4. EDTA inhibited oxidation of microsome by ADP/FeSO4 considerably; in contrast, it did not in the case of oxidation by FeCl2/H2O2.

Structures of a succinyl anthocyanin and a malonyl flavone, two constituents of the complex blue pigment of cornflower centaurea cyanus

Abstract Structures of a new anthocyanin and a new flavone isolated from the complex pigment of blue flower of cornflower Centaurea cyanus were determined to be 3-O-(6-O-succinyl-β-D-glucosyl)-5-O-(β-D-glucosyl)cyanidin ( 1 ) (succinylcyanin) and apigenin 4′-O-(6-O-malonyl-β-D-glucoside) 7-O-β-D-glucuronide ( 3 ), respectively.

Sambutoxin: A new mycotoxin isolated from Fusarium sambucinum

Abstract A new mycotoxin, sambutoxin (1), has been isolated from wheat culture of Fusarium sambucinum which was obtained from rotted potato tuber. Its chemical structure was elucidated as 3-{5-methyl-6-[( E )-1,3,5-trimethylhept-1-enyl]tetrahydropyranyl}-5-( p -hydroxyphenyl)-1-met -4-hydroxy-2(1 H )-pyridone mainly by NMR analyses of 1 .

The composition of commelinin, a highly associated metalloanthocyanin present in the blue flower petals of Commelina communis

Abstract Commelinin was determined to be a highly associated complex molecule composed of 6 molecules each of malonylawobanin (M) and flavocommelin (F), and 2 atoms of magnesium in the form of [M 6 F 6 Mg 2 ] 6− ; K is possibly the counter cation in natural commelinin. Its molecular weight is about 9,100.

Effect of epoxides and α-methylene-γ-lactone skeleton of sesquiterpenes from yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) leaves on caspase-dependent apoptosis and NF-κB inhibition in human cercival cancer cells.

The present study investigated the cytotoxicity of enhydrin (1), uvedalin (2) and sonchifolin (3) in cervical cancer cells. We have found that SLs 1-3 in doses in range of 0.22-10 μM inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in both a dose- and time-dependent fashion. A significant cell death induction was supported by morphological studies. The apoptotic effect is associated with caspase-3/7 activation and NF-кB inhibition. Interestingly, enhydrin possessing two epoxide units was found to be the most cytotoxic compound. Therefore it can be assumed that number of epoxides and existence of α-methylene-γ-lactone moiety are essential for the acceleration of apoptosis.