Hiroyuki Kado

Magnetic characteristics of a high-T/sub c/ superconducting cylinder for magnetic shielding type superconducting fault current limiter

The superconducting fault current limiter (SCFCL) is expected to be the first application of high-T/sub C/ superconductors (HTSs) in power systems. To develop a magnetic shielding type superconducting fault current limiter, we have carried out some fundamental experiments concerning the magnetic shielding characteristics of an HTS bulk cylinder. In this paper, the experimental results of magnetic flux penetration into a Bi(2223) cylinder are shown. AC magnetic field is applied to the sample by a primary winding (copper coil) excited by AC triangular- and sinusoidal-waveform currents in the frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 100 Hz. We also developed a finite element method (FEM) computer program for evaluation of the dynamic electromagnetic behavior of the HTS cylinder in a time-varying external magnetic field. The results of computer simulations considering the voltage-current (E-J) characteristic are compared with experiments.

Inductive type fault current limiter with Bi-2223 thick film on a MgO cylinder

Fault current limiters for electric power systems have been researched. We have studied a inductive type superconducting fault current limiter. The limiter has superconducting cylinder as active element. We developed a high Jc Bi-2223 thick film on a MgO cylinder. Jc was over 5800 A/cm/sup 2/ at 77 K. We made a inductive type superconducting fault current limiter with the Bi-2223 thick film cylinder and investigated limiting performances.

Inductive type fault current limiter using Bi-2223 thick film on MgO cylinder with Bi-2212 buffer Layer

We have been developing an inductive type superconducting fault current limiter with a superconducting cylinder. For practical use, a high critical current density (Jc) is needed in a large diameter. To achieve these items, we have developed a Bi-2223 thick film on a MgO substrate, with a Bi-2212 buffer layer. This cylinder was 450 mm in diameter and 120 mm in length. We describe the superconductive characteristics of this cylinder, and the limiting properties of the fault current limiter using these cylinders.

Tests for Conceptual Design of 6.6 kV Class Superconducting Fault Current Limiter With YBCO Thin Film Elements

A superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) for 6.6 kV and 400 A installed in a cubicle for a distribution network substation was conceptually designed. The SFCL consists of parallel- and series-connected superconducting YBCO elements and a limiting resistor. Before designing the SFCL, some tests were carried out. The width and length of each element used in the tests are 30 mm and 210 mm, respectively. The element consists of YBCO thin film of about 200 nm in thickness on cerium dioxide (CeO2) as a cap-layer on a sapphire substrate by metal-organic deposition with a protective metal coat. In the tests, characteristics of each element, such as over-current, withstand-voltage, and so on, were obtained. From these characteristics, series and parallel connections of the elements, called units, were considered. The characteristics of the units were obtained by tests. From the test results, a single phase prototype SFCL was manufactured and tested. Thus, an SFCL rated at 6.6 kV and 400 A can be designed.

Generating performance of limiting impedance in flat type of fault current limiter with high Tc superconducting plate

We have proposed a flat type of the superconducting fault current limiter (FCL) which is a modified version of a magnetic shielding type of the fault current limiter. The new FCL basically consists of a doughnut-like form high Tc superconductor (HTS) plate and spiral coil, each of which works as a secondary one-turn winding and a primary winding, respectively. The FCL modules can be easily built up to make a large scale FCL. This simple construction may enable us to reduce the manufacturing costs. We made two small modules of the flat type FCL with Bi2223 bulk plate and YBCO thin film plate and investigated the generation of the limiting impedance due to an excess current. Higher ratio of the limiting impedance to normal one was produced by the YBCO thin film plate than by the Bi2223 bulk plate.

Inductance Ratio of Flat Type Fault Current Limiter With High Tc Superconducting Disks

We have proposed a flat type of the superconducting fault current limiter (FCL) which is a modified version of a magnetic shielding type of the fault current limiter. The flat type FCL basically consists of a pancake coil and doughnut-like form high Tc superconductor (HTS) disk, each of which works as a primary winding and a secondary one-turn winding, respectively. In order to clarify the static current-limiting performance of the flat type FCL, the magnetic field analyses were carried out for the small modules of the FCL. The inductance values of the FCL in the superconducting state and normal-conducting state of the HTS disk, L o and L limit , were calculated and their ratio L limit/L o was estimated. The high performance of the FCL must be brought about by the large inductance ratio. It was confirmed that lower L o was derived by sandwiching the pancake primary winding with two HTS disks and by using thin spacer between them, and larger L limit a is produced by connecting the built-up pancake primary windings in series. This suggests that a full-scale FCL may be designed and produced by building up many modules whose pancake winding is sandwiched with the HTS disks.

Theoretical Calculation of Inductance of Flat Type Fault Current Limiter with High Tc Superconducting Plate

A flat type fault current limiter (FCL) proposed by us consists of a spiral primary winding and high Tc superconducting (HTS) plate. In order to clarify the static current-limiting performance of the flat type FCL, the magnetic field analyses were carried out for small modules of the FCL. The inductance of the FCL was calculated by analyzing the magnetic field. The magnetic field analysis suggested that a high inductance ratio might be realized by radically enlarging both the primary winding and the HTS plate, installing the high permeability material such as an iron on the FCL and stacking the FCL modules vertically in layers. It is also pointed out that the volume of the flat type FCL is smaller than that of the cylinder type FCL with same magnitude of the limiting inductance.

Properties of Bi-2223 thick films on a MgO substrate prepared by a coating method

Fault current limiters for electric power systems have been researched. We have been studying on a inductive type superconducting fault current limiter. The limiter has superconducting cylinder as active element. It is necessary for practical use of the superconducting fault current limiter that superconductor has high critical current density (Jc). So as to get high Jc, we tried Bi-2223 as a material for the superconductor, and prepared Bi-2223 thick film. Raw paste of Bi system was coated on a polycrystalline MgO substrate and then was sintered in the air with intermediate pressing by a cold-isostatic-pressing (CIP) technique. The sintered Bi-2223 thick film had good crystal orientation. The Jc of the 500 /spl mu/m thick film was over 6000 A/cm/sup 2/ at 77 K.

Fundamental characteristic estimation based on finite element method for magnetic shielding type superconducting fault current limiter

The superconducting fault current limiter is expected to be the first application of high-Tc superconductors (HTSs) in power systems. To develop a magnetic shielding-type superconductor fault current limiter, we have carried out some fundamental experiments on the magnetic shielding characteristics of an HTS bulk cylinder. In this paper, the experimental results of magnetic flux penetration into Bi-2223 cylinders are shown. An ac magnetic field is applied to the sample by a primary winding (copper coil) excited by ac triangular- and sinusoidal-waveform currents in the frequency range from 0.1 Hz to 100 Hz. We also developed a finite element method computer program for evaluation of the dynamic electromagnetic behavior of the HTS cylinder in a time-varying external magnetic field. The results of computer simulations considering the voltage–current (E–J) characteristic are compared with experiments. Next we carried out a current-limiting test with a small limiter model, and the developed finite element method computer program successfully simulated the electromagnetic behavior in current-limiting operation.

Study On Magnetic Shielding Type Superconducting Fault Current Limiter Using Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Cylinder

The power application of a superconductor to restrain a fault current has been researched. A superconducting fault current limiter using a Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O cylinder has been developed. This limiter consists of the primary winding for generating an AC magnetic field and superconducting cylinder for shielding the field. When fault occurs, the superconducting cylinder quenches and a magnetic circuit is formed inside the cylinder. In the result of that, the limiter has a high impedance thus the fault current is limited. Experiments were carried out in three conditions which are without an iron core, with an iron core, and with an iron core and a copper cylinder as a secondary winding. In each condition, the impedance of the limiter under fault conditions was 1.4 times, 10 times, and 5.9 times as high as the one under normal conditions.