Hrvoje Glavaš

Infrared Thermography in Energy Audit of Electrical Installations

Subject review Energy Audit of Electrical Installations is an integral part of the overall energy audit of complex technical systems, and infrared thermography is one of the non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for that type of analysis of power distribution subsystems. During the energy audit of the power subsystem by means of a thermal camera, it is necessary to carry out some additional measurements of electrical quantities which are often not performed easily. The paper provides an overview of the standards in the field of thermography and safety criteria of electrical installations based on a thermal image and measured electrical parameters. As a practical example, an analysis of an electric power distribution subsystem of large complex industrial consumers is presented.The procedure of the audit and decision making for future maintenance is described in detail. Recommendations of corrective actions in the maintenance procedure based on the absolute temperature criterion and the delta-T criterion under consideration of the measured load are given as well.

Infrared thermography as control of handheld IPL device for home-use

ABSTRACT Infrared thermography as contactless method for determining the temperature distribution on the surface is used for analyzing the impact of intense pulsed light hair removal device (IPL) on the skin. Depth of light penetration depending of wavelength is described as well as absorption curves and IPL impulse shapes. Energy balance and IPL impulse influence on the skin is analyzed. Melanin temperature rise by different fluence operation and temperature distribution in the modeled hair is used in order to determine overall skin temperature rise. Estimated energy balance provided by mathematical model has been confirmed with experimental results. Performed measurements, beside determination of the right emissivity, required the identification of most significant parameter in the process which proved to be the skin reference temperature and real temperature rise. Practical IPL application with detailed body temperature analysis is comprehensively described and thermal imaging interpretation problem and determination of the temperature rise is observed.

Biofuels in Croatia

European Commission has adopted a series of documents in order to achieve energy policy targets. One of them is Directive 2009/28/EC which promotes the use of renewable energy in transportation. The Directive sets targets for Member States. According to the provisions of Article 11 of the Law on Biofuels for Transport, each county of the Republic of Croatia is obliged to develop a program to encourage the production and use of biofuels in transport and establish the policy of increased production and use of biofuels in transport in the county in accordance with the National Action Plan. The program is a three-year planning document that is being proposed by the county executive authority and adopted by the representative body of the county. The paper is result of study of the implementation of biofuels in Republic of Croatia.

Energy audit of public lighting in the area of Osijek-Baranja County (Croatia)

This paper analyzes usage of electricity for public lighting in Croatia and points out the legislative provisions on energy audit of public lighting. Consistent implementation of the Act on Energy Efficiency can reduce costs of public lighting and at the same time raise the standard of public lighting. The area of Osijek Baranja County was analyzed in terms of the public lighting through maintenance costs and power consumption as an example.

Resources and Possibilities of Agro Biomass Usage for Energy Purposes in Slavonia Region (Croatia)

The paper provides an overview of the biomass potential as Croatian significant renewable energy source especially in the region of Slavonia and Baranja. Starting from the national energy framework authors points to the decline of primary energy supply in Republic Croatia and decrease in energy efficiency. Quantity and energy potential of biomass from crop residues, fruit and grape production in Slavonia and Baranja has been estimated. In conclusion, authors provide suggestions for specific evaluation of agricultural solid biomass potential in Slavonia and Baranja region.