Hu Weitong

Differential effects of various trans fatty acids isomers on apoptosis rate of human umbilical vein endothelial cell in vitro

Objective To explore the effects of trans fatty acids (TFA) isomers on apoptosis rate of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs) in vitro. Method we obtained the original generation of HUVECs from umbilical cord. All cells were divided into six groups, including one control group and five TFA isomers groups, and cell count of every group was regulated under 0.5∼1×106. In TFA isomers groups, cells were cultured in a medium containing 200 μmol/ml different five TFA isomers, namely trans palmitic acid (Δ9 T-C16:1), trans linoleic acid (Δ9, Δ12 T-C18:2), Δ6 trans oleic acid (Δ6 T-C18:1), Δ9 trans oleic acid (Δ9 T-C18:1), Δ11 trans oleic acid (Δ11 T-C18:1). After 24 h of incubation, cells were detected the apoptosis rate by using cytometry techniques. Results Compared with the control group, the apoptosis rate of every TFA isomers groups were significantly higher. The apoptosis of T-C16:1, T-C18:2, Δ6 T-C18:1, Δ9 T-C18:1 and Δ11 T-C18:1 were, respectively 12.84±2.7%, 29.38±4.7%, 25.12±3.6%, 22.76±3.4% and 15.49±2.7%. In three different T-C18:1 isomers, the apoptosis of Δ6 T-C18:1 and Δ9 T-C18:1 groups were higher than Δ11 T-C18:1 group. Conclusion Under the same TFA isomers concentrations, there are differences between apoptosis rate of HUVECs in vitro.

ASSA13-18-2 Aging Attenuates the Inter-Arm Diastolic Blood Pressure Difference Induced by One Arm Exercise

Objectives It is known that one arm exercise increases the inter-arm diastolic blood pressure difference (dIAD) in young people, but no research was performed in middle-aged and more senior population. This study aimed to determine whether ageing impacts the exercise-induced dIAD in healthy subjects. Methods Normotensive adults (n = 120) were recruited and divided into the young (22.5 ± 1.5y), middle-aged (42.8 ± 4.6y) and senior (61.0 ± 7.0y) groups. The right arm exercise involved performing cycling movements at 60 times/min for three minutes. Bilateral brachial BPs were simultaneously measured with two automatic BP measurement devices before (baseline), immediately (0), 5, 10 and 15 min after the exercise. The difference of bilateral diastolic BPs was calculated as BP l-r and its absolute value of equal or over 10mmHg was recognised as IAD. Results At baseline, the SBP l-r and DBP l-r were similar in three age groups. One arm exercise induced markedly DBP decline in the exercised arm, and then increased DBP l-r and dIAD prevalence in three age groups in an age-dependent manner. The dIAD prevalence increased from baseline of zero to 85% at 0 min in young, 37% in middle-aged and 30% in senior groups. One arm exercise did not significantly change SBP l-r and systolic IAD prevalence in three groups. A reverse correlation was found between the DBPl-r 0 and ages (r = –0.359, P < 0.05), but no correlation between ageing and SBPl-r 0. Conclusions Aging attenuates the levels and duration of inter-arm DBP difference induced by one arm exercise in healthy adults.

ASSA13-16-6 The Increased Circulatory RAS Activity Can Be Inhibited by Statins

Objective To investigate the profile of circulatory renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activity in hypercholesterolemia (HC) patients treated with statins. Methods This study included 18 primary HC patients and 18 sex-and age-matched healthy adults. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL-C and blood glucose, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and angiotensin II (AngII) levels were measured at baseline. These parameters were measured again at 4 and 8 weeks after statin treatment in HC group respectively. Results At baseline, the TC, TG and LDL-C, as well as ACE activity and AngII level, were significantly higher in HC group. On the baseline data of 36 participates, significant positive correlations existed between ACE activity and TC(r = 0.54) or LDL-C(r = 0.51), and between AngII level and TC(r = 0.34) or LDL-C(r = 0.27). In HC patients, 8 weeks statin treatment significantly decreased TC, LDL-C, as well as Ang II (35.46 ± 14.49 vs 71.10 ± 20.47 pg/ml, P < 0.05) levels and ACE activity (108.9 ± 51.9vs 180.1 ± 71.3 U/L, P < 0.05), meanwhile, positive correlations between RAS activity and TC or LDL-C levels measured before and after treatment were seen in HC patients. Conclusions Serum cholesterol-lowering with statins is associated with decreasing circulatory RAS activity in hypercholesterolemia patients.

ASSA13-16-4 The Influence of Combination of Amlodipine and Valsartan on Plasma Free Fat Acid and Adiponectin in Patients with Essential Hypertension

Objective To investigate the influence of combination therapy of amlodipine and valsartanon on the plasma adiponectin (ADPN) and free fatty acids (FFAs) levels in patients with essential hypertension. Methods Fifty hypertensive patients were included. After 4 week amlodipine (5mg/d) treatment, 34 patients with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) equal to or more than 90 mmHg were included in the double blind period and randomly divided into amlodipine (amlodipine, 5mg/d) and the combination (amlodipine 5mg + valsartan 80 mg/d) groups for other 8 weeks. BP, blood lipids, blood glucose, ADPN and FFA were measured at baseline, 4 and 12 week after treatment. Eighteen normotensive adults were selected as the control. Results At baseline, FFA, total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were significantly higher, but ADPN lower in the hypertensive group than in the control group. Four weeks amlodipine treatment increased significantly ADPN levels (4.75 ± 1.88 vs 5.09 ± 1.97 mg/L, P. Conclusions Four weeks amlodipine monotherapy can significantly increase the plasma ADPN level. On this base, the combination therapy of amlodipine and valsartan can better improve plasma ADPN and FFA than amlodipine monotherapy.

ASSA13-16-7 Rosuvastatin Treatment Improved the Composition of Trans-Fatty Acids of Erythrocyte Membrane in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia

Objective This study was to investigate the composition of trans-fatty acid (TFA) of erythrocyte membrane in hypercholesterolemic patients (HC) and the effect of rosuvastatin treatment. Methods The fasting serum lipids and 22 FAs were determined in 30 HC patients and 30 ortholiposis subjects (control group). Eight main cis-fatty acids (CFA) and 3 TFAs were used for analysis. CFAs included 2 saturated FA (SFAs, C16:0 and C18:0); 1 monounsaturated FA (C18:1) and 5 poly-unsaturated FAs (PUFA). TFAs included C16:1–9t, C18:1–9t and C18:1–11t. Repeated examination was performed in the HC group after 4 week rosuvastatin (10mg/day) treatment. The percentage of a FA to the total FA was calculated as the composition of the FA. Results Compared with the control group, the HC group had significantly higher compositions of C18:1, C16:1 and C18:1, lower compositions of 5 PUFAs, as well as higher compositions of 3 TFAs. In the HC group, the ratios of 18:1–9t/18:1–9c and 18:1–11t/18: 1–11c were significantly higher, but the ratio of 16:1–9t/16:1–9c was lower. The rosuvastatin treatment could restore the composition of TFA and the abnormal ratios of trans-/cis- isomer of erythrocyte membrane. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that the compositions of 3 TFAs of erythrocyte membrane obviously increase in hypercholesterolemic patients, but the ratio of the trans- to cis- isomer varies with TFA. Rosuvastatin treatment can effectively normalise the compositions and ratios of the trans- to cis- isomer of TFA in erythrocyte membrane.

ASSA13-14-27 The Impact of Blood Pressure Levels, Gender and Age on Within-Visit Systolic Blood Pressure Variability

Objective The study aims to investigate the variability in three blood pressure (BP) readings within one measurement (within-visit BPV) and the relevant influencing factors. Methods Three BP readings were taken at 2-min interval in 2092 adults (1028 males and 1064 females) with mercurial sphygmomanometer. The average of three BP readings was used as the mean BP. The standard deviation (SD) of three BP readings and coefficient of variation (CV: SD/mean BP) were calculated for evaluating within-visit BPV. According to the history of hypertension and use of antihypertensive drugs, the participants were divided into hypertensive (EH group, 756 cases) and normotensive groups (NT group,). Multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to analyse the relevant influencing factors. Results 1. A positive relationship existed between the mean SBP rank and SD(r = 0.168, P < 0.01) in the whole population. Although the SBP and SD were higher in EH group than in NT group, no significant difference of CV was found between two groups. 2. The SD and CV were significantly higher in females than in males although lower SBP in female. 3 Positive relationship was found between age rank and SD (r = 0.129, P < 0.01) and between age rank and CV (r = 0.153, P < 0.01), with stronger relationship in females (r = 0.137 and 0.166, both P < 0.05) than in males (r = 0.098 and 0.122, both P < 0.05). Conclusions The mean SBP, female and ageing are related with higher within-visit SBP variability, but female and ageing are independent facilitating factors.

ASSA13-14-26 Preoperative Anxiety is Associated with Higher Blood Pressure in Patients Waiting For Surgery

Objective The relationship of preoperative anxiety and blood pressure (BP) has not been fully investigated. This study assesses the impact of preoperative anxiety on BP. Methods A total of 660 in-patients waiting for elective surgery were enrolled. Repeated BPs were measured after admission (basic BP), in every morning, after anesthesiologist visit (BPv) and 30 min before entering operation room (BPe). The BPs taken in the 3 days before and after operation were recorded as BP-3, BP-2 and BP-1 as well as BP1, BP2 and BP3 respectively. The difference between the BPe and basic BP was calculated as the BP increase amplitude (ΔBP). The anxiety scale was evaluated ( > 50 points anxiety) after anesthesiologist visit for all patients. Results The SBP and DBP continuously increased before operation and to the peak before entering operation room. The SBPe (136 ± 15 vs 118 ± 14mmHg, P < 0.05) and the DBPe (79 ± 9 vs 72 ± 9mmHg, P < 0.05) were significantly higher than their basic values respectively. After operation both SBP and DBP decreased. The prevalence of preoperative anxiety was 37.1%. The anxiety group has higher basic SBP, pre-operative SBP and ΔSBP, but more rapid SBP and ΔSBP decline than non-anxiety group. The profile of DBP change was similar to, but weaker than that of SBP in the observation duration. Multifactor analysis demonstrated that anxiety scale was positively associated with ΔSBP. Conclusions The patients with anxiety have obvious BP fluctuation and anxiety scale is positively associated with the SBP increase during the preoperative duration.

ASSA13-18-1 The Inter-Arm Diastolic Blood Pressure Difference After One Arm Ischemia: A New Approach to Assess Vascular Endothelia Function

Objective The ischemia can induce flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), it is unclear that whether the ischemia induces decline on blood pressure (BP) and inter arm BP difference (IAD), and is there a correlation between FMD and IAD. Methods This study enrolled 108 subjects. The bilateral BPs were simultaneously measured with two automatic BP measurement devices. The right brachial artery diameter (D) was measured by ultrasound technique. After the baseline diameter (D0) and BP (BP0) taking, the right brachial artery was occluded by cuff inflation for 5 minutes. Then the diameter was repeatedly measured 1(D1), 1.5 (D1.5) and 2 (D2) min, and the bilateral BPs were measured for 3times at 3 (BP3), 4 (BP4) and 5 (BP5) min after release of the occlusive cuff. The average of 3 ΔD values was recorded as post-ΔD, and the ratio of post-ΔD/D0 was calculated. The BP differences between left and right arms (BPl-r) at 4 time points were calculated respectively and the average of 3 post-ischemic BPl-r was recorded as post- BP l-r. Results At baseline, the inter-arm SBP or inter-arm DBP were similar. Right arm ischemia induced significant DBP decline in the right arm only (69.0 ± 12.5 vs 72.7 ± 11.9 mmHg, p < 0.05) and significantly increased DBPl-r (–0.16 ± 2.16 vs –3.81 ± 3.2 mmHg, p < 0.05). A negative correlation was seen between ΔD/D0% and post- DBPl-r (r = 0.74, p < 0.05). Conclusions The post-ischemic inter-arm DBP difference may be a potential index for clinical evaluation of vascular endothelial function.

ASSA13-14-18 Cold Water Drinking Increases Blood Pressure in Healthy Young Students

Objective Blood pressure (BP) increases when body surface exposures to cold stimulate, but the effect of cold drinking on BP has not been fully evaluated. The arm of this study was to investigate the affects of cold water drinking on BP. Methods This study included 44 healthy young students (female 19 and male 25) with a mean age of 22.5 ± 0.9 years. After 12min rest, the right brachial BP was measured for 3 times with 2 min internal. Then the student was asked to drink 300 ml warm (30 degrees C) or cold (4 degrees C) water within 30 seconds in random order, BP was measured immediately and repeatedly with 2 min interval for 22 minutes. In the next day, the study was performed again but the dinks were crossover. The increase amplitude (IA) of BP was calculated from the BP before and after drinking immediately. The area under curve (AUC) of SBP and DBP was calculated. Results Water drinking, whether cold or warm, induced transient but significant SBP and DBP increase; Cold water drinking induced higher SBPIA (12.3 ± 6.7 vs 7.7 ± 6.5 mmHg, p < 0.05), DBPIA (7.0 ± 6.2 vs 2.7 ± 4.5 mmHg, p < 0.05) and DBPAUC. After cold water drinking, the SBPIA and DBPIA, as well as SBPAUC and DBPAUC seemed higher in female than in male. Conclusions Water drinking can induce transient but significant BP increase. A drink of 4 degrees C 300 ml water increased DBP by 3mmHg at least for 22 minutes in the healthy young students.

ASSA13-15-22 The Inter-Arm Blood Pressure Difference Induced by Transradial Coronary Intervention

Background and Objective Inter-arm blood pressure difference (IAD) indicates artery disease of arm. This study was to investigate whether the transradial coronary intervention (TRI) increases the prevalence of IAD. Methods This study enrolled 154 adult in-patients underwent the first selective TRI, and without radial artery occlusion (RAO) by palpation method after TRI. Bilateral brachial and radial artery BPs were simultaneously measured using two automatic BP measurement devices in the day before (BP0) and one day (BP1d), 7 day (BP7d), 3 month (BP3m) and 6 month (BP6m) after TRI. The difference of the left and right BPs was calculated as the ΔBP l-r and the absolute value of ΔBP l-r equal to or over 10mmHg was recognised as IAD. Results The bilateral brachial and radial SBP0 and DBP0 were similar. The brachial BP1d and BP7d of the catheterized right arm decreased significantly and were significantly lower than those of left arm. At the same time, the rates of sIAD on brachial artery were higher than the baseline (27.3% and 13.0% vs 7.1%, both P < 0.05). Even the brachial artery BP6m was similar to BP0, but sIAD on brachial artery was higher somewhat than baseline (9.1%). Similar results were seen in the bilateral radial artery BP and IAD also. Conclusions TRI can induce BP decrease in the catheterized arm and increase the prevalence of systolic IAD for at least 7 days in both brachial or radial artery sites.