Huang Zhang

Ultrafast Ionic Liquid-Assisted Microwave Synthesis of SnO Microflowers and Their Superior Sodium-Ion Storage Performance

Tin oxide (SnO) is considered one of the most promising metal oxides for utilization as anode material in sodium ion batteries (SIBs), because of its ease of synthesis, high specific gravimetric capacity, and satisfactory cycling performance. However, to aim at practical applications, the Coulombic efficiency during cycling needs to be further improved, which requires a deeper knowledge of its working mechanism. Here, a microflower-shaped SnO material is synthesized by means of an ultrafast ionic liquid-assisted microwave method. The as-prepared SnO anode active material exhibits excellent cycling performance, good Coulombic efficiency as well as a large capacity delivered at low potential, which is fundamental to maximize the energy output of SIBs. These overall merits were never reported before for pure SnO anodes (i.e., not in a composite with, for example, graphene). Additionally, by combining ex situ XRD and XPS, it is clearly demonstrated for the first time that the Sn-Na alloy, which is formed during the initial sodium sodiation, desodiates in two successive but fully separated steps. Totally different from the previous report, the pristine SnO phase is not regenerated upon desodiation up to 3 V vs Na/Na+. The newly disclosed reaction route provides an alternative view of the complex reaction mechanism of these families of metal oxides for sodium ion batteries.

Enabling Reversible (De-)lithiation of Aluminum via the Use of Bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide-based Electrolytes

Aluminum, a cost-effective and abundant metal capable of alloying with Li up to around 1000 mAh g-1 , is a very appealing anode material for high energy density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, despite repeated efforts in the past three decades, reports presenting stable cycling performance are extremely rare. This study concerns recent findings on the highly reversible (de)lithiation of a micro-sized Al anode (m-Al) by using bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI)-based electrolytes. By using this kind of electrolyte, m-Al can deliver a specific capacity over 900 mAh g-1 and superior Coulombic efficiency (96.8 %) to traditional carbonate- and glyme-based electrolytes (87.8 % and 88.1 %, respectively), which represents the best performance ever obtained for an Al anode without sophisticated structure design. The significantly improved electrochemical performance, which paves the way to realizing high-performance Al-based high energy density LIBs, can be attributed the peculiar solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed by the FSI-containing electrolyte.