Hugo Gutiérrez-Hermosillo

C allele of the rs2209972 single nucleotide polymorphism of the insulin degrading enzyme gene and Alzheimer's disease in type 2 diabetes, a case control study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In the last few decades we have witnessed an interesting transformation of the population pyramids throughout the world. As the populations life expectancy increases, there are more chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and dementias, and both of them have shown an association. GENERAL OBJETIVE To determine the association between Alzheimers disease in diabetic patients and the insulin degrading enzyme in outpatients of a second level Hospital in Monterrey, Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a case control study in which we included outpatients from the Geriatrics Clinic of a Hospital in Northeastern Mexico. Cases were patients with a Mini Mental Score Exam (MMSE) below 24 and DSM-IV criteria for Dementia. Controls were patients who had MMSE scores greater than 24. RESULTS Data from 97 patients were analyzed. Regarding physical examination and the results of laboratory tests, there were no differences between the two groups (p>0.05). A 98% prevalence of the insulin degrading enzyme was documented in the sample studied. We found an association between a homozygous status for the CC genotype and Dementia with an estimated Odds Ratio (OR) of 2.5 (CI 95% 1.6-3.3) on the bivariate test, while, on the multivariate analysis, the OR was estimated 3.3 (CI 95% 1.3-8.2). CONCLUSIONS Evidence shows that cognitive impairment is more frequent among those exposed to the C allele of the rs2209972 SNP of the insulin degrading enzyme gene.

A robust biomarker of differential correlations improves the diagnosis of cytologically indeterminate thyroid cancers.

The fine-needle aspiration of thyroid nodules and subsequent cytological analysis is unable to determine the diagnosis in 15 to 30% of thyroid cancer cases; patients with indeterminate cytological results undergo diagnostic surgery which is potentially unnecessary. Current gene expression biomarkers based on well-determined cytology are complex and their accuracy is inconsistent across public datasets. In the present study, we identified a robust biomarker using the differences in gene expression values specifically from cytologically indeterminate thyroid tumors and a powerful multivariate search tool coupled with a nearest centroid classifier. The biomarker is based on differences in the expression of the following genes: CCND1, CLDN16, CPE, LRP1B, MAGI3, MAPK6, MATN2, MPPED2, PFKFB2, PTPRE, PYGL, SEMA3D, SERGEF, SLC4A4 and TIMP1. This 15-gene biomarker exhibited superior accuracy independently of the cytology in six datasets, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) thyroid dataset. In addition, this biomarker exhibited differences in the correlation coefficients between benign and malignant samples that indicate its discriminatory power, and these 15 genes have been previously related to cancer in the literature. Thus, this 15-gene biomarker provides advantages in clinical practice for the effective diagnosis of thyroid cancer.

Rosiglitazone as an option for patients with acromegaly: a case series

IntroductionIn the patient with acromegaly, pituitary surgery is the therapeutic standard. Despite undergoing surgery, a significant number of patients with acromegaly continue to have uncontrolled growth hormone secretion. These patients require other treatments such as external irradiation and/or drug therapy.Case presentationWe present the clinical and laboratory responses to six months of treatment with rosiglitazone in four cases. In all four cases, the patients had persistent growth hormone overproduction despite previous surgical treatment and other conventional therapy. Case 1 is a 57-year-old Caucasian woman, case 2 is a 51-year-old Hispanic man, case 3 is a 32-year-old Hispanic woman, and case 4 is a 36-year-old Hispanic man. In three of these patients, basal and nadir growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively).ConclusionRosiglitazone could be a treatment option in select patients with acromegaly.

The rate of primary hypothyroidism in diabetic patients is greater than in the non-diabetic population. An observational study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to identify the rate of diabetic patients treated for hypothyroidism and compare them with a group without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed the computerized clinical records of 5161 patients. We identified diabetic patients treated with l-thyroxine. We compared the prevalence of PH with those patients under treatment with levothyroxine without T2DM. We excluded patients with a thyroid neoplasia, thyroid surgery, panhypopituitarism, or surgical complications of multinodular goiter or a thyroid nodule. Subclinical hypothyroidism was not considered. RESULTS We included 1848 adult patients with T2DM in the study group, 58% women and 42% men. For the control group, we included 3313 non-diabetic patients, 55% women and 45% men. The mean age in the study group was 52±7 years, and 47±4 years in the control group (p<.001). The rate of hypothyroidism in the study group was 5.7%, and in the control group 1.8% (odds ratio of 3.45; 95% confidence interval 2.51-4.79) (p<.001). CONCLUSION A strong association between T2DM and hypothyroidism was found. We recommend a thyroid profile in all patients with T2DM, similar to the recommendation in type 1 diabetes mellitus.Background and objective The aim of our study was to identify the rate of diabetic patients treated for hypothyroidism and compare them with a group without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Brief reportThe rate of primary hypothyroidism in diabetic patients is greater than in the non-diabetic population. An observational studyLa proporción de hipotiroidismo primario en pacientes diabéticos es mayor que la de pacientes no diabéticos. Estudio observacional

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to identify the rate of diabetic patients treated for hypothyroidism and compare them with a group without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed the computerized clinical records of 5161 patients. We identified diabetic patients treated with l-thyroxine. We compared the prevalence of PH with those patients under treatment with levothyroxine without T2DM. We excluded patients with a thyroid neoplasia, thyroid surgery, panhypopituitarism, or surgical complications of multinodular goiter or a thyroid nodule. Subclinical hypothyroidism was not considered. RESULTS We included 1848 adult patients with T2DM in the study group, 58% women and 42% men. For the control group, we included 3313 non-diabetic patients, 55% women and 45% men. The mean age in the study group was 52±7 years, and 47±4 years in the control group (p<.001). The rate of hypothyroidism in the study group was 5.7%, and in the control group 1.8% (odds ratio of 3.45; 95% confidence interval 2.51-4.79) (p<.001). CONCLUSION A strong association between T2DM and hypothyroidism was found. We recommend a thyroid profile in all patients with T2DM, similar to the recommendation in type 1 diabetes mellitus.Background and objective The aim of our study was to identify the rate of diabetic patients treated for hypothyroidism and compare them with a group without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Galectin Labeling of Cells from Paraffinized Tissues May Serve as a Diagnostic Tool in the Detection and Classification of Thyroid Carcinomas

This study seeks to determine whether the relative levels of attachment to galectins 1 and 3 of cells from thyroid tissues embedded in paraffin blocks can differentiate thyroid tumors from normal tissues. A total of 48 thyroid paraffin sample blocks from 4 groups of patients were analyzed: 12 samples served as controls, 12 samples were from patients with thyroid adenoma, 12 samples were from patients with thyroid follicular carcinoma, and 12 samples were from patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma. The relative attachment of cells to galectins 1 and 3 antigens was determined using the InnoCyte™ ECM Cell Adhesion kit at different cell sample concentrations. All of the samples from thyroid tissue preparations showed attachment to galectins 1 and 3. The samples from tissues with a diagnosis of adenoma, follicular and papillary carcinoma showed an increased adherence to galectins 1 and 3 relative to the controls. Significant differences were found between the means of the adherent cells from the adenomas compared with the follicular and papillary carcinoma samples. When the outcomes from the galectins 1 and 3 cell surface binding were compared, no statistical differences were found. The cells from adenoma and carcinoma samples show more adhesion to galectins 1 and 3 than cells from the control samples. The samples prepared from follicular and papillary carcinomas show more cells adherent to galectins 1 and 3 than those from the adenomas.