Humberto Blanco Vega

Análisis Psicométrico de la escala Autoeficacia en Conductas Académicas en universitarios de primer ingreso / First grade university student’s psychometric analysis of an Self-Efficacy Scale in Academic Behavior

El presente articulo tiene como proposito el diseno de la Escala Autoeficacia en Conductas Academicas (EACA) y el estudio de sus propiedades psicometricas desde la perspectiva del enfoque clasico de la teoria de los test y el de los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, lo cual permitio realizar estudios paralelos para corroborar y verificar los resultados obtenidos. La muestra total fue de 2089 sujetos; 902 mujeres y 1187 hombres, estudiantes de primer ingreso a las licenciaturas que se ofrecen en la Universidad Autonoma de Chihuahua, con una edad media de 18.23 anos (DE= 0.74). El analisis de las propiedades psicometricas, ha mostrado que una estructura trifactorial es viable y adecuada de acuerdo con los requisitos psicometricos establecidos cuando los informantes son los propios alumnos. Estos resultados nos llevaron a eliminar 14 de los 27 items analizados. La estructura de tres factores (Comunicacion, Atencion y Excelencia), atendiendo a criterios estadisticos y sustantivos, ha mostrado adecuados indicadores de ajuste, de fiabilidad y de validez. Ademas, los resultados de los analisis factoriales llevados a cabo con las submuestras 1 y 2, indican la existencia de fuertes evidencias de la estabilidad de la estructura factorial, hasta que no se demuestre lo contrario. Futuras investigaciones deberian replicar estos hallazgos en muestras mas amplias.

Análisis psicométrico de la prueba Body Image Anxiety Scale versión rasgo en alumnos de educación superior

En este trabajo se estudiaron las propiedades psicometricas de la pruebaBody Image Anxiety Scale (BIAS) version rasgo. La muestra fue de 2mil 089 sujetos (902 mujeres y 1 mil 187 hombres), alumnos de primer ingresoa las licenciaturas que se ofrecen en la Universidad Autonoma deChihuahua, con una edad media de 18.23 anos (DE=0.74). El analisis delas propiedades psicometricas mostro que una estructura bifactorial esviable y adecuada de acuerdo a los requisitos psicometricos establecidoscuando los informantes son los propios alumnos. La estructura de dosfactores, atendiendo a criterios estadisticos y sustantivos, mostro adecuadosindicadores de ajuste, de fiabilidad y de validez. Ademas, los analisisfactoriales llevados a cabo con las submuestras 1 y 2 indican que los resultadosobtenidos son plenamente confirmatorios. Futuras investigacionesdeberian replicar estos hallazgos en muestras mas amplias.

Datos psicométricos de la versión abreviada del cuestionario IMAGEN; evaluación de la insatisfacción corporal

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Body dissatisfaction seems to be associated with eating disorders, obesity, decreasing levels of physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption. In this study the psychometric properties of a questionnaire to measure body dissatisfaction, the IMAGEN questionnaire, have been obtained. METHOD The samples have been composed of 538 women of ages between 11 and 22 years, 494 out from different schools and 44 out diagnosed of eating disorder from hospital. RESULTS The confirmatory factor analysis reduces the items from 38 in the original version to 25. The model shows a penta-factor structure: a) emotional, with five items; b) fear to gain weight, with four; c) approach to change, with three; d) perceptive, with six; and e) behavioral, with four items. Besides, it has been obtained a second order factor (cognitive-emotional) that includes the a), b) and c) previous factors. The psychometric properties such as internal consistency (alpha from 0.84 to 0.92), discriminative validity (significant difference by group) and convergent validity (significant statistical relation between IMAGE and EDI-2 factors) have been evaluated and some acceptable results have been obtained. In addition to that, the cut-offs for each questionnaire scale were established, implying that high scores in body dissatisfaction are associated with having an eating disorder. The most accurate estimates correspond to the behavioral factor of dissatisfaction (odds ratio 33.2; IC 95% = 15.1-68.3). CONCLUSION From these results it is concluded that the reduced IMAGE questionnaire presents good psychometric properties. However, more research is needed with different samples before generalizing its use.INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Body dissatisfaction seems to be associated with eating disorders, obesity, decreasing levels of physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption. In this study the psychometric properties of a questionnaire to measure body dissatisfaction, the IMAGEN questionnaire, have been obtained. METHOD The samples have been composed of 538 women of ages between 11 and 22 years, 494 out from different schools and 44 out diagnosed of eating disorder from hospital. RESULTS The confirmatory factor analysis reduces the items from 38 in the original version to 25. The model shows a penta-factor structure: a) emotional, with five items; b) fear to gain weight, with four; c) approach to change, with three; d) perceptive, with six; and e) behavioral, with four items. Besides, it has been obtained a second order factor (cognitive-emotional) that includes the a), b) and c) previous factors. The psychometric properties such as internal consistency (alpha from 0.84 to 0.92), discriminative validity (significant difference by group) and convergent validity (significant statistical relation between IMAGE and EDI-2 factors) have been evaluated and some acceptable results have been obtained. In addition to that, the cut-offs for each questionnaire scale were established, implying that high scores in body dissatisfaction are associated with having an eating disorder. The most accurate estimates correspond to the behavioral factor of dissatisfaction (odds ratio 33.2; IC 95% = 15.1-68.3). CONCLUSION From these results it is concluded that the reduced IMAGE questionnaire presents good psychometric properties. However, more research is needed with different samples before generalizing its use.

FACTORIAL INVARIANCE OF ACADEMIC SELF-EFFICACY IN TEAMWORK AND LEADERSHIP SCALE ON MEN AND WOMEN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

The Saudi Arabian private sector has increasingly shown openness towards foreigners by providing them with a larger fraction of opportunities than the nationals. The increase in the number of foreigners working in the private sector has led to significant change in the local market with much effect on the cost of labor and hiring trends. The tendency has resulted in unrest among the Saudis as they face higher unemployment rates as well as lack of security in the current positions. The entry of more academically qualified foreigners into the market worsens the level of job insecurity as more individuals lack satisfaction in their positions or intend to go for government positions. The current study will examine the effect of local policy openness to foreigners on the turnover intention and job satisfaction with reference to the Saudi Arabia private sector context. The lack of job security will mediate the effect of the local market policy openness to foreigners on the turnover intention and job satisfaction. On the other hand, the level of education will moderate the relationship between the local market openness to foreigners and the job security while the organizational justice will moderate the effect of job security on satisfaction and the turnover intention.