Huseyin Deveci

Importance of P-Series Fuels for Flexible-Fuel Vehicles (FFVs) and Alternative Fuels

As engine fuels, the most popular alternative fuels are bioetanol, biodiesel, and hydrogen. Recently, in addition to these, there are intensive researches on methyl-, and ethylalcohols, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, P-series, electricity, and solar fuels. Alternative fuels for diesel engines are becoming increasingly important due to diminishing petroleum reserves and the environmental consequences of exhaust gases from petroleum-fueled engines. One of the advantages of P-series is that they are very easy to use. There is no need for any special fuel management because gasoline and P-series can be freely intermixed in any proportion with fuel that is already in the vehicles fuel tank. So, even if P-series is not available at a particular location, simply fill up with gasoline. These fuels are inexpensive fuels generated by municipal and agricultural wastes. The National Renewal Energy Laboratory (NREL) showed that P-series would be 96% derived from domestic resources and reduce petroleum use by 80% as compared to gasoline. Use of P-series fuels also greatly reduces toxic emissions. P-fuels are economically competitive with gasoline. As of May 2003, the projected retail price for P-series, including all taxes, is

Humic Substances and Nitrogen-Containing Compounds from Low Rank Brown Coals

1.49 per gallon, about the same as mid-grade gasoline in a

Adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions by bio-chars obtained during biomass pyrolysis

/mile calculation. There are 3 million cars on the road today that could run on P-series fuels.

Coating, mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy toluene oligomer modified epoxy resin/sepiolite composites

Coal is one of the sources of nitrogen-containing compounds (NCCs). Recovery of NCCs from brown in high yield was carried out from tars of stepwise semicoking of brown coals. Humic acids have been shown to contain many types of nitrogen compounds. Humic acids are thought to be complex aromatic macromolecules with amino acids, amino sugars, peptides, and aliphatic compounds that are involved in the linkages between the aromatic groups. Humic acids extracted from peats, brown coals, and lignites, are characterized using different techniques. Humic substances (HSs) have several known benefits to agriculture. The properties of humic substances vary from source to source, because they are heterogeneous mixtures of biochemical degradation products from plant and animal residues, and synthesis activities of microorganisms. HSs have been considered to be a significant floculant in surface water filtration plants for the production of drinking water as well as the processing of water. HSs are produced from chemical and biological degradation of plant and animal residues and from synthetic activities of microorganisms.