Hyeong Bae Pyo

Biological activities of the polysaccharides produced from submerged culture of the edible Basidiomycete Grifola frondosa

Five groups of polysaccharides were prepared from mycelium extract and top and bottom fraction of filtrate precipitates by submerged culture of Grifola frondosa at two different media (glucose and PMP medium) and their individual biological activities were studied. These polysaccharides had diverse molecular mass (470–1650 kDa) and different biological activities at the concentrations of 0.01–0.2% (w/v). Most of polysaccharides had antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities after UV irradiation, where G-2 (bottom fraction of filtrate precipitates from glucose medium, MW 770 kDa) and G-3 polysaccharide (mycelium extract from glucose medium, MW 500 kDa) showed strong activity. The P-1 (from top fraction of filtrate precipitates from PMP medium, MW 1650 kDa) and P-3 polysaccharide (from mycelium extract from PMP medium, MW 470 kDa) increased the proliferation of fibroblasts by approximately 23–25%. Other two groups of polysaccharides produced from glucose medium (G-2 and G-3 polysaccharides) showed also notable proliferation activity for fibroblasts. Treatment of fibroblasts with P-3 polysaccharide significantly increased the biosynthesis of collagen by approximately 80%. G-2 and G-3 polysaccharides showed also marked activity. However, G-1 and P-1 polysaccharides had only negligible activity in collagen biosynthesis.

Antioxidants and inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression from leaves of Zostera marina L.

In order to develop new anti-photoaging agents, we examined the antioxidative activity and the inhibition effect of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) on the extracts of a marine product,Zostera marina L., which is known for its potent activity. Three compounds (compounds1,2, and3) were isolated from an ethyl acetate (EtOAc) soluble fraction of the product; they were identified as apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (1), chrysoeriol (2), and luteolin (3). These compounds were found to scavenge radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and were measured to have SC50 values of 0.18 mM, 0.68 mM, and 0.01 mM against the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 0.04 mM, 0.03 mM, and 0.01 mM against the superoxide radical in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. Compound 3 suppressed the expression of MMP-1 by up to 44% at 4.0 μM and inhibited the production of interleukin 6 (IL-6), which is known as a cytokine that induces MMP-1 expression. From these results, compound3 and the other compounds were determined to have antioxidative activity and to inhibit MMP-1 expression. Thus, the three compounds are expected to be useful for preventing the photoaging of skin.

A Study for Polyol-in-Oil Type Lip Makeup Cosmetics with Natural Pigments

립 메이크업 제품은 음식물과 함께 체내로 유입되므로 안전성에 대한 필요성이 다른 화장품보다 크다. 또한 합성 안료인 타르계 색소에 대한 안전성 문제가 지속적으로 부각되고 있는 상황에서 천연색소에 대한 요구가 점점 증가되고 있으며, 많은 종류의 천연 색소가 개발되고 있다. 하지만 립메이크업 제품에 합성색소 대신 천연색소를 이용하기에는 여러 가지 문제점이 있다. 대부분 천연 색소는 안토시아닌 계통의 친수성 물질로 구성되어 있지만, 기존의 입술 화장료는 오일과 왁스로 이루어진 무수상태의 유분산 제형이 대부분이기 때문이다. 따라서 립메이크업 제품은 상기에서 설명한 바와 같인 무수제형이기 때문에 수용성인 천연색소를 사용할 경우에 색상발현도가 낮고 불안정하여 제형에서 색소가 분리되기 쉽다. 또한 천연색소는 pH, 열 및 일광 등에 의해 쉽게 변하는 단점이 있는데, 무수제형에서는 이에 대한 조절이 쉽지 않아 안정도에 문제점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 천연색소를 사용하여 인체에 안전하면서 색상 표현력이 우수한 립메이크업 조성물에 대하여 연구를 수행하였고, 천연색소를 유중폴리올 에멀젼에 포집하여 색소의 안정도를 확보하였으며, 수분증발 시 생기는 건조함이 없는 우수한 보습력을 갖는 립메이크업 제품을 제조하였다. 【Lip make-up products can be easily taken into body with food. For this reason, those products are requires to meet lots of qualifications compared with other cosmetic products. In addition, concerns about safety on synthesized tar pigments is constantly issued. Thus, demand of natural pigments is gradually increased and many kinds of natural pigments have been developed. However, there are some problems when natural pigments are applied to cometic products instead of synthetic ones. There is a reason that most of natural pigments consist of hydrophilic materials of sort of anthocyanin, but the existing lip make-up products is anhydrous oil dispersion type without water consisting oil and wax. Therefore, when watersoluble natural pigments are applied to anhydrous lip make-up products, color expression is lower and phase separation occurs due to the instability of the product. In addition, natural pigments have disadvantages that they can easily change by pH, heat and sunlight. There are troubles of stability because it is not easy to adjust for these factors in case of anhydrous forms. Aim of study is to develop lip make-up products which have not only safe to human but being high in expression of color by using natural pigments and securing stability of colorant as natural pigments are offered to polyol in oil emulsion. Then, lip make-up products which have heavy moisture while having not dryness that is created when the moisture evaporates are developed.】

Stabilization of Ascorbic acid with Nonaqueous Emulsification

Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) becomes unstable in the aqueous phase by oxygen, light and alkali, etc. The properties are limited in application to cosmetics. The most important factor that determines the destabilization of ascorbic acid in the aqueous phase was tried to understand considering its molecular deformation and degradation. In this study, we changed the polyols and emulsification technique for the stability of ascorbic acid. Then we observed the color and concentration change of ascorbic acid at room temperature and high temperature () for 6 weeks and identified the stability using HPLC regularly. As a result, we found that glycerin was the most appropriate polyol for stability of the ascorbic acid. Also the technique of nonaqueous emulsification stabilized ascorbic acid than P/S emulsification. Also, P/S emulsification, glycerin was more stable than propylene glycol. By the results we suggest that ascorbic acid could be stabilized by nonaqueous emulsification method and this data could be applied to stabilization methods for cosmetic products.

Study of 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride for Detection of Pathogenic Microorganisms

2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) is used as a redox indicator in culture media. It is colorless in the oxidized form and is reduced to formazan, an insoluble pigment, by dehydrogenases in actively growing microbial cells. The aim of this study was to assess by microbial test of the pathogenic microorganisms using TTC reduction. The pathogenic microorganisms were reduced in medium by dehydrogenase to produce insoluble red formazan. We observed that the optimization method of TTC allowed more than 12 h incubation in 0.04% concentration. Also, the growth of microorganisms with media was increased formazan production. We confirmed that microorganisms were quickly observed to grow colonies cultured red color without affecting the growth of microorganisms. It is suggested that the microbial test using TTC can provide better and quicker test method in cosmetics development.

Antioxidative and Anti-aging Effects of Extract from Talinum paniculatum

, and Hyeong Bae PyoRD Revised July 2, 2013; Accepted July 18, 2013)요 약: 본 연구에서는 예로부터 민간에서 사용되어진 약초인 토인삼 추출물의 피부보호 효과를 측정하기위해 항산화, 자외선에 의해 유도된 matrix metalloproteinases-1 (MMP-1) 발현저해효과, 자외선에 대한 세포보호효과, 노화세포를 이용한 senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) 활성을 사람 섬유아세포(HDF)를 이용하여 확인하였다. 그 결과, 토인삼 추출물의 free radical과 superoxide radical 소거효과는 처리농도가 증가함에 따라 농도 의존적으로 나타났으며, 토인삼 잎, 줄기 추출물(LSE) 500 μg/mL 에서 98.45%와 97.01%의 DPPH와 superoxide radical 을 소거하여 우수한 항산화 효과를 나타내었다 . 토인삼 잎, 줄기 추출물(LSE)의 MMP-1의 발현 저해효과는 섬유아세포에서 UVA조사 실험에서 우수하게 나타났으며, UVB 조사에 의한 세포보호 효과도 우수하게 나타났다. 또한 노화세포를 이용한 SA-β-gal활성은 토인삼 잎, 줄기 추출물(LSE)을 처리하였을 시 염색된 세포의 수가 감소하여 세포내 senescence를 억제하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과들을 종합해 보면, 토인삼의 지상부분인 잎, 줄기 추출물(LSE)은 항노화 및 항산화제로서의 우수한 특성으로 피부손상에 의한 산화적 스트레스에 대응하는 새로운 기능성 소재로서의 가능성을 가지는 것으로 평가된다.Abstract: Ultraviolet irradiation in the cells and skin produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induces the syn-thesis of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) causing skin photoaging. Using the human dermal fibroblast (HDF), we in-vestigated the antioxidative and anti-aging effects of the extracts from Talinum paniculatum. Talinum paniculatum leaf and stem extracts (LSE) showed free radical scavenging effect by 98.45% at 500 μg/mL and superoxide radical scav-enging effect by 97.01% at 500 μg/mL in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system. The photoprotective potential of LSE was tested in HDF exposed to ultraviolet irradiation. It was revealed that LSE had an inhibitory effect on MMP-1 ex-pression in UVA-irradiated HDF without any significant cytotoxicity. The treatment of UVA-irradiated HDF with LSE resulted in dose-dependent decreases in the expression levels of MMP-1 mRNA and protein. Also, UVB-induced cyto-toxicity and cell death were effectively suppressed by treatment of LSE. Additionally, the senescence-associated β- gal-actosidase (SA-β-gal) activity was decreased in the presence of LSE. These results suggest that Talinum paniculatum leaf and stem extracts (LSE) may have anti-aging effects and can be used as new functional materials against oxidative stress-mediated skin damages.Keywords: Talinum paniculatum, antioxidation, MMP, anti-aging, ultraviolet