Hyo-Seol Lee

Inhibitory effects of Rumex japonicus Houtt. on the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice.

Background  Rumex japonicus Houtt. (RJH) is one of the herbs used in Eastern countries for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). It has been shown to have an antioxidative effect in human skin disease.

Characteristics of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) from intact cryopreserved deciduous teeth

The aim of this study is to compare the characteristics of stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) from cryopreserved intact deciduous teeth with those of fresh SHED. In total, 20 exfoliated deciduous teeth were randomly divided into a fresh group (f-SHED; n = 11) and cryopreserved group (c-SHED; n = 9; stored for 1-8 months). Following thawing and separation of the pulp, the SHED cells were cultured, and the characteristics as mesenchymal stem cells were investigated using proliferation assays, cell-cycle analysis, colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) assays, and flow cytometry analyses. Furthermore, differentiation into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages was investigated in vitro as well as in vivo via transplantation in mice. We found no significant differences between the two groups in the proliferation analyses, in the expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers, or in the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation in vitro (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the in vivo transplantation results showed no significant differences in the quantity of bone tissue that formed or in histochemistry performance (p < 0.05). In conclusion, cryopreservation of intact exfoliated deciduous teeth appears to be a useful method for preserving SHED.

The Distribution of Patients and Treatment Trends in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Yonsei University Dental Hospital for Last 5 Years

The aim of this study was to investigate changes in treatment patterns within pediatric dentistry departments by analyzing the distribution of patients and treatment trends. To that end, treatment charts based on electronic medical records (EMR) from the Yonsei University Dental Hospital from 2008 to 2012 were collected and analyzed. The results showed a decrease in the number of new patients and patients cared for by non-specialists, while the number of foreign patients has increased. The under 2 years-old group accounted for a large portion of new patients. Dental caries, dental trauma, and malocclusion ranked as the top complaints. In terms of restoration treatment, the proportion of patients receiving composite resin, amalgam, and sealant has decreased, whereas self-curing glass ionomer and preventive resin restoration have increased. Single-visit endodontic treatment has been increasing, with a decreasing trend in multi-visit endodontic treatment. The rate of conservative pulp treatment, such as pulp capping and pulpotomy, has increased. For reducing patient anxiety, treatments under sedation have increased, especially with the use of nitric oxide. This investigation into the latest treatment trends and patient characteristics is expected to help pediatric dentists to make appropriate treatment plans.

A randomized controlled trial of ProRoot MTA, OrthoMTA and RetroMTA for pulpotomy in primary molars

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy of the newly developed OrthoMTA and RetroMTA, compared to conventionally used ProRoot MTA, for pulpotomy in primary teeth. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this randomized clinical trial, 151 molars from 102 children, who met the inclusion criteria and were 3-10 years old, were enrolled. Ultimately, 143 teeth were divided in a randomized, single-blind manner into three groups according to the planned treatment: RetroMTA (n = 49 teeth), OrthoMTA (n = 47 teeth) or ProRoot MTA (n = 47 teeth). Clinical and radiographic follow-up examinations were conducted at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS By the end of the study period, 109 teeth were evaluated at 12 months. The radiographic success rates in these three groups were 100%, 94.7% and 94.7%, respectively; the corresponding clinical success rates were 100%, 97.4% and 100%. The Kaplan-Meier survival function curves relative to clinical and radiographic cumulative survival rates did not differ significantly between the three groups. CONCLUSIONS The success rates of RetroMTA, OrthoMTA and ProRoot MTA are indistinguishable, indicating that pulpotomy can be carried out successfully in primary molars with the newly developed materials.

Comparative Gene Expression Analysis of the Coronal Pulp and Apical Pulp Complex in Human Immature Teeth

INTRODUCTION This study determined the gene expression profiles of the human coronal pulp (CP) and apical pulp complex (APC) with the aim of explaining differences in their functions. METHODS Total RNA was isolated from the CP and APC, and gene expression was analyzed using complementary DNA microarray technology. Gene ontology analysis was used to classify the biological function. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining were performed to verify microarray data. RESULTS In the microarray analyses, expression increases of at least 2-fold were present in 125 genes in the APC and 139 genes in the CP out of a total of 33,297 genes. Gene ontology class processes found more genes related to immune responses, cell growth and maintenance, and cell adhesion in the APC, whereas transport and neurogenesis genes predominated in the CP. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining confirmed the microarray results, with DMP1, CALB1, and GABRB1 strongly expressed in the CP, whereas SMOC2, SHH, BARX1, CX3CR1, SPP1, COL XII, and LAMC2 were strongly expressed in the APC. CONCLUSIONS The expression levels of genes related to dentin mineralization, neurogenesis, and neurotransmission are higher in the CP in human immature teeth, whereas those of immune-related and tooth development-related genes are higher in the APC.

Autotransplantation: A Reliable Treatment Modality for Severely Malpositioned Teeth

Maxillary canines are the most commonly impacted teeth, second only to third molars. Various treatment methods may be used to recover impacted maxillary canines. This is a report of a 14-year-old girl with a severely malpositioned impacted right maxillary canine which accompanied severe root resorption of adjacent tooth, treated by autotransplantation with a computer aided rapid prototyping model as a surgical guide. This case report demonstrates that autotransplantation can be a reliable treatment alternative, in cases with a severely malpositioned impacted canine, providing acceptable prognosis.

Analysis of bacterial community profiles of endodontically infected primary teeth using pyrosequencing

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify the endodontic microbiome in primary teeth with dental caries using high-throughput pyrosequencing and to establish data on the oral microbiome of primary teeth with endodontic infection. METHODS Ten primary teeth with dental caries and endodontic infection were included. Samples were collected from root canals using sterilized paper points and analyzed by pyrosequencing, based on the V1-V3 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. The data were analyzed using the CLcommunity software. RESULTS Analysis of the 10 samples yielded a total of 64,291 16S rRNA gene sequences. In total, 1586 OTUs (range, 91-235), six bacterial phyla, including unclassified, and 187 genera were assigned. At the genus level, Neisseria (group A), Acinetobacter (group B), and Fusobacterium (group C) were prominent. These predominant microorganisms were associated with the clinical condition and reflected the progression of endodontic infection in primary teeth. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed a relationship between the oral microbiome and endodontic infection in primary teeth. Additionally, anaerobic bacteria such as Fusobacterium species were dominant in the teeth with apical abscesses.

Pulp revascularization of a severely malformed immature maxillary canine

Dens invaginatus (DI) is a dental anomaly exhibiting complex anatomical forms. Because of this anatomical complexity, immature DI teeth with necrotic pulp are difficult to treat via apexification. We used revascularization as an alternative treatment for a patient with DI. An 11-year-old boy visited our clinic with chief complaints of gingival swelling and pain in the left maxillary canine. Clinical and radiographic findings were consistent with a diagnosis of type III DI. Revascularization therapy was performed, and a 24-month follow-up examination confirmed healing of the periapical radiolucency and physiological root formation. (J Oral Sci 58, 295-298, 2016).

Recent advances in topical anesthesia

Topical anesthetics act on the peripheral nerves and reduce the sensation of pain at the site of application. In dentistry, they are used to control local pain caused by needling, placement of orthodontic bands, the vomiting reflex, oral mucositis, and rubber-dam clamp placement. Traditional topical anesthetics contain lidocaine or benzocaine as active ingredients and are used in the form of solutions, creams, gels, and sprays. Eutectic mixtures of local anesthesia cream, a mixture of various topical anesthetics, has been reported to be more potent than other anesthetics. Recently, new products with modified ingredients and application methods have been introduced into the market. These products may be used for mild pain during periodontal treatment, such as scaling. Dentists should be aware that topical anesthetics, although rare, might induce allergic reactions or side effects as a result of an overdose. Topical anesthetics are useful aids during dental treatment, as they reduce dental phobia, especially in children, by mitigating discomfort and pain.

Correlation between Caries Experience and New Colorimetric Caries Activity Test in Children

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