Hyunseok Lee

Proximate and mineral components of Viscum album var. coloratum grown on eight different host tree species

Mistletoes are parasite plants growing on various tree species, taking nutrients from the host. Beneficial compounds of mistletoe were used in medicine and these mistletoes were commonly collected from oak species that were not well identified. We analyzed the nutritional value by measuring proximate and mineral components of Korean mistletoe (Viscum album var. coloratum) from various host trees. Carbohydrate was the most proximate component in both leaves and twigs followed crude protein, crude fiber, crude ash and crude fat. While the contents of the proximate components and minerals varied among hosts and between plant parts, leaves contained higher crude protein and ash, and more minerals except for magnesium than twigs, although no significant difference was found in mistletoe grown on Prunus mandshurica. There were significant differences of proximate and mineral contents depending on the host species. Mistletoe grown on Chaenomeles sinensis contained higher levels of carbohydrates, crude fat, crude ash, magnesium, calcium, sodium, iron, and zinc than mistletoe grown on other species. Mistletoe grown on P. mandshurica contained high mineral levels of potassium, copper and phosphorous. The nutritional value of mistletoes were greatly influenced by the host species but among the hosts, specific nutrients accumulated in leaves more than in twigs, and vice versa. Based on the analysis, Korean mistletoe contains relatively good quality of nutrients and has high potential for dietary supplements as well as for medicinal compounds.

Review of Long-term Climate Change Research Facilities for Forests

Carbon dioxide (CO2) accounts for about 72% of the total greenhouse gas emissions. It is also widely known as a major cause of global warming. According to the IPCC’s fifth evaluation report, the growth rate of atmospheric CO2 has increased by 35% for the last 100 years and global warming is occurring much more rapidly than expected since 1990s. As a result of climate change, global warming is increasing the frequency and severity of extreme weather events around the world, which has changed forest vegetation zone and vegetation phenology. The Kyoto Protocol recognizes the importance of forests and refers to the conservation and enhancement of forests as sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases. In this regard, studies of tree responses to climate change are indispensable for predicting changes in the forest ecosystems in the future. Therefore, studies using long-term climate change research facilities, associated with long-term ecological research (LTER) in the fields, will make a considerable contribution to predict and approach the changes in the future.

Component Analysis of Acorns of Quercus mongolica and Quercus Variabilis

To compare seed components of plus trees, seed powder ground after seedcoat removal was analyzed for two oak species, i. e., Quercus monglica (white oak) and Quercus variabilis (red oak), which are typical oak trees in Korea but have different fruiting characteristics. Thus we aimed at analyzing and comparing many ingredients including minerals, sugars, etc. Two species were similar to each other in the content of water, crude ash, crude protein and carbohydrates, but crude lipid content in Q. variabilis was 2.5 times higher than that in Q. mongolica. Crude proteins of Clone 124 was 1.5 times higher than that of Clone 75 in Q. mongolica. Crude lipid content showed the highest value in Clone 0511 of Q. variabilis, and more phosphate and iron was found in Q. monglica than in Q. variabilis. Glucose showed 85.4% and 88.3% on average of the total monosacchrides in two species, and galactose and arabinose were also found. In the content of phosphate, iron, and crude lipid, differences were found between two species and among clones of two species.

Analysis of genetic diversity and differentiation of artificial populations of yellowhorn ( Xanthoceras sorbifolium ) in China using ISSR markers

Yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge) is a drought-tolerant tree in the family Sapindaceae that is native to northeastern China. Its remarkably oil-rich seeds are a reliable biodiesel source. An inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis showed genetic variation among four artificial populations in China: two in Inner Mongolia (IM), one in Liaoning (LN), and one in Shandong (SD). The average percentage of polymorphic loci was 81.25xa0% for these four populations. The Forest Farm in SD showed the highest number of effective alleles (Ne), Shannon index (I), and expected heterozygosity (He), i.e., 1.598, 0.470, and 0.325, respectively, but the lowest number of alleles (Na) as 1.600. Based on an analysis of molecular variance, 23xa0% of the total genetic variation was found among populations, and 77xa0% within populations. A principal coordinate analysis revealed two groups (Group 1: Lindonglinchang, Jianping Agriculture Research Station and Forest Farm; Group 2: Jinjilinchang). Understanding the genetic diversity among artificial yellowhorn populations in China, detected using ISSRs, will be useful for yellowhorn conservation and improvement. Additional artificial and natural populations need to be included in the future for a country-wide perspective.

Component Characteristics of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Seeds for Bioenergy Plant Utilization

Abstract Xanthoceras sorbifolium is considered as bio-energy crops owing to the high oil content from kernel. This study was performed to analyze calorific value, crude ash content, ultimate ratio, crude lipid and fatty acid composition among seed sources. Calorific values ranged from 4,526.0 cal g -1 to 7,377.2 cal g -1 in seeds and kernels showed the highest value. Calorific values and crude ash contents were observed as significant difference among plantations and/or individuals (p＞0.05). Kernel from SD-F plantation showed the highest calorific value and lower crude ash content. C content comprised 63.4%, the highest levels was detected from SD-F (64.8%). Crude lipid content in kernel observed as 54.5 g 100 g -1 from SD-F. In contrast it was determined the lowest value from LN-JARS as 46.5 g 100 g -1 . The fatty acid composition of kernel was determined to those of oleic acid (31.3%) and linoleic acid (38.1%) from SD-F and LN-JARS. These results will be offered to useful information for breeding materials selection.Key Words: bio energy, calorific value, FAME, oil content, Xanthoceras sorbifolium

Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on in vitro Propagation of Echinosophora koreensis Nakai

To establish in vitro nodal culture conditions of Echinosophora koreensis Nakai, one of rare and endangered species famous for beautiful flowers in the Korean Peninsula, the influence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on shooting and rooting from in vitro shoots was investigated. In shoot multiplication, addition of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) to the half-strength Driver and Kuniyukis media in the range of 2.22 to 8.88 induced 2.5 to 2.7 shoots per axillary bud; and addition of 2.27 thidiazuron (TDZ) produced 3.2 shoots, during 4 weeks of culture, while zeatin and isopentenyl adenine (2ip) were not effective on shoot multiplication as observed from several combination treatments of BA with other PGRs. Shoots established were smaller than 2 cm in length, in most of the treatments. while in BA 8.88 treatment more than 30% of shoots were longer than 2 cm and shorter than 4 cm. In rooting, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) from 5.37 to 21.48 showed the rooting rate from 40.0 to 62.5%. Indole butyric acid (IBA) addition had little effect on rooting (

RAPD Polymorphism of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge from Three Plantations of China

The variation in random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were examined for Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge seeds from three plantations (Inner Mongolia [IM], Liaoning [LN], and Shandong [SD] province) in China. Mean genetic variation was measured by polymorphism percentage (42.10%) and expected heterozygosity (He=1.27). Among three populations, Shandong showed the highest values both in polymorphism percentage and heterozygosity (p=57.89; Ho=1.58; and He=1.37). Total genetic diversity value, based on the total loci, was estimated as total genetic diversity of the species (Ht)=0.27 and mean within-population genetic diversity (Hs)=0.16. UPGMA cluster analysis showed the genetic closeness between Inner Mongolia and Liaoning population, but that Shandong seems to be the separate population.