I. A. Gol'dberg

Introducing “Orion” equipment for mechanized guncreting of steel ladles

ConclusionsIndustrial operation in steel factories of the “Orion” complex has shown the effectiveness of the plant and of mechanizing the guncreting of steel ladles. The average life of the lining in ladles was increased by 25–50%, the maximum life of 200-ton ladles at the Rustav factory having been brought to 52 heats. A reduction has been achieved in the specific consumption of ladle refractories equal to 1.7–3 kg/ton of steel. At Magnitogorsk they have increased the throughput capacity of steel melting bays by 3% with a reduction in the ladle stock of 11%.

Improving the efficiency of guniting steel-pouring ladles

ConclusionsHot guniting of steel-pouring ladles without cooling the lining enables us to reduce the time taken to prepare them for pouring, and creates conditions for repeated hot guniting within a ladle campaign. This will make it possible to increase the stability of the lining and to reduce the energy expended on drying the gunite layer.The efficiency of mechanized guniting can also be improved by differential use of gunites with rational compositions.

Preserving refractories containing free calcium oxide

ConclusionsA method was developed for preserving refractories containing free calcium oxide, enabling us to store freshly pressed articles without altering their basic properties for 25–30 days. In this case the maximum storage period of the heat-treated goods is not less than 3 months.The new method means that interfactory deliveries can be made to the newly built converter departments.

Separation of refractory particles in flame guniting of the linings of oxygen converters

ConclusionsIt is theoretically shown that in flame guniting there are always maxima in the deposition of the Gunite. The maxima become flatter as the converter diameter increases or as the position of the nozzle is changed. By varying the angle of inclination of the nozzle or the distance between the nozzle and the lining, we can increase or decrease the area of the deposited Gunite.

Mechanization of the doffing of the green product from the presses and forming the charge on the kiln trucks

ConclusionsSix designs were chosen as standard types, viz., two charge-setting machines, three row-forming units, and a charge manipulator. The standard type machines are suitable for the mechanization of the loading of most types of product on the kiln trucks.The charge-setting machines, which are designed to carry out all operations from the doffing of the green product from the press to its stacking on the kiln truck in a grid pattern, can be used to form a kiln charge of only a single type product in the form of standard bricks or ladle refractories, provided the charge-forming point is situated near the press.Row-forming machines are intended for the doffing of the product from the press, arranging it in rows, and forming columns from the rows. If the charge-forming point lies near the press these machines can be used for placing the rows in columns directly on the kiln truck. If the charge-forming point is remote from the press the rows are built up to columns on a transfer device which conveys them to the charge-forming point.Kiln-charge manipulators are designed for the operation of loading the charge columns on the kiln truck and can be used for the formation of a column-type charge of any desired height consisting of one or more than one type of product.The technical documentation for the series production of the standard equipment for the mechanization of the loading of the product in the kiln trucks is being prepared by the All-Union Scientific-Research Institute for Mechanization in Ferrous Metallurgy on the basis of specimens which proved their worth either in long-term service or in experimental industrial-scale tests. The preparation of the technical documentation is being centralized in a single organization because of the necessity for a maximum standardization of the individual subassemblies as demonstrated by cumulative experience and requirements.

Mechanization of the green-product handling and transfer operations at the Magnezit Plant

ConclusionsThe operations of doffing the magnesia bricks from the presses, transferring them to the chargesetting bays, and loading them on the kiln trucks is being mechanized at the Magnezit Plant by the installation in the molding and drying-kilning sections of set-forming machines and charge manipulators constructed and tested at the plant so that the heavy manual operations of the charge setters are being carried out now by mechanical means and labor productivity in the section between the presses and the charge-setting bays has increased.

Separation of the refractory powder in the flame-guniting of converters

ConclusionsAn analysis of the deposition of the refractory particles on the converter lining in cyclonic-flame guniting revealed the presence of a conspicuous maximum deposition which coincided with the site of the peak depositions in a “hot” converter model and in a real 130-ton converter.Erosion of the converter lining is uneven and the local burns can be effectively repaired by depositing a maximum of gunite in the zone where the residual thickness of the lining is at minimum.

Mechanizing the loading of magnesite brick onto kiln cars

ConclusionsPractical experience with the main prototype of the manipulator at the Magnezit Factory has confirmed the working capacity and reliability of this machine. The use of the manipulator has reduced the number of workers occupied with manual work, greatly facilitating the loading of the products on the car and increasing labor productivity by 3–3.5 times.

Sintering of periclase during flame guncreting

ConclusionsThe flame guncreting of basic refractories was studied on a rig, the base part of which was a model of a standard 130 ton oxygen converter. The highly refractory constituent of the guncrete body consisted of industrial magnesite powder obtained by fine grinding. The fuel was natural gas. A guncrete coating up to 100 mm thick was applied to the lining of the model.Specimens of guncrete coating consist of dense material having a finely crystalline structure (porosity up to 3%). The density of the guncrete coating depends mainly on the guncreting temperature.The existence of direct bonds between the grains of periclase is typical for the structure of guncrete coatings. Additions of iron oxides increase the number of grains coming into contact by means of a direct bond, while additions of calcium and silicon oxides reduce it.

Transporting powders and lump materials with transfer hoppers

ConclusionsThe use of the system for transporting powders and lump materials with transferrable hoppers in the manufacture of refractories substantially simplifies the transportation scheme, reduces dust emission in the department, and provides more flexibility in the technical process. The department can be built in the form of a single-story building from precast standardized constructions by industrial building methods.