I Gusti Ngurah Antaryama

Indoor Thermal Environments in Apartments of Surabaya, Indonesia

This chapter presents the results of detailed field investigations of thermal conditions and occupants’ window-opening behaviour in several apartments located in the city of Surabaya, Indonesia. In the public apartments, almost all of the respondents did not use air-conditioning, and approximately 70–80% opened their windows/doors on both front and rear sides, while 20–40% of them kept the rear opening opened at night. Meanwhile, most of the respondents in the high-rise private apartments depended on air-conditioning, and about 20% of them opened the rear window only during daytime. The results of field measurement showed that under the naturally ventilated conditions, the old public apartment unit provided better thermal conditions compared to those in the other types of apartments. It was difficult to achieve the thermal comfort without relying on air-conditioning in the high-rise private apartments.

KONSEKUENSI ENERGI AKIBAT PEMAKAIAN BIDANG KACA PADA BANGUNAN TINGGI DI DAERAH TROPIS LEMBAB

It has been realized that culture has an important role in formation of settlement spatial structure. The people who highly related to culture such in Bali, in macro context, settlement spatial structure is determined by cosmic system performed by symbolism of sacred mountain and sea as profane area. In the micro scale, it is manifested in the distribution of space in house yard, therefore it is permanently defined. On the other context, settlement spatial structure can also be shown by observing ritual and religious activities. These activities are routinely conducted, and it the usage of space are not permanent, then the structure of space will be temporary. Sasaknese in Lombok island are strongly embraced to their culture in relation with their settlement arrangement, others are performed in life cycle and religious activities. By observing Sasaknese culture, we would be able to understand the settlement spatial structure. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Sejak lama disadari bahwa budaya memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam membentuk struktur ruang permukiman. Pada masyarakat yang teguh memegang budaya seperti di Bali misalnya, struktur ruang permukiman secara makro sangat ditentukan oleh sistem kosmis yang diwujudkan melalui simbolisme gunung sebagai sakral dan laut sebagai profane, sedang pada skala mikro nampak pada pembagian ruang permukiman, dan dapat dikatakan bersifat tetap. Penggambaran struktur ruang permukiman juga dapat dilihat dari sisi budaya lain seperti pada pelaksanaan ritual dan acara keagamaan. Acara ini bersifat rutin akan tetapi ruang yang digunakan tidak semata untuk ritual saja, sehingga strukturnya juga nampak temporal. Masyarakat Sasak di Pulau Lombok juga sangat terkait dengan budaya dalam menata ruang permukimannya, ataupun pada ritual daur hidup dan berbagai acara keagamaan. Melalui kajian ini dapat dilihat adanya pembentukan struktur ruang permukiman berbasis budaya Sasak. Kata kunci: struktur ruang, budaya, dan Sasak.

PERMEABILITY MAP OF RESIDENTIAL SETTLEMENTS IN THE TROPICS

We have applied the lattice gas method with using Pascal program language. Some 2-D building models have been implemented in the simulation. The results showed that this method could be used and reliable for studying behavior of airflow pattern in buildings having wide openings. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Kode simulasi numerik dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Pascal dan menerapkan metode Gas Dalam Jaringan (littice gas method) telah dibuat. Beberapa obyek berupa bangunan 2-D (daerah dan potongan) telah diaplikasikan dalam simulasi ini. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan metode ini dapat digunakan untuk mempelajari pola aliran udara pada bangunan dengan bukaan lebar, secara kualitatif. Kata kunci: Metode gas dalam jaringan, simulasi, pola aliran udara..On the early 20 th century, at the colonialitation era, many architect wrote and published there writings at the journal in Java. But, infact, these writing is not much studied from architectural history in Indonesia, instead as supported information to introduce their work in architecture. The Maclaine Pont publication mostly known at the journal on the 1916-1936 in Java. Where, Hindia people was struggling to promote their identity as developed nation. This paper places the thinking of architect Maclaine Pont in the context of similar era to draw the participation of architecture of Maclaine Pont in the dominant circumtances on that era. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Pada masa kolonialisasi di awal abad XX banyak arsitek yang menulis dan menerbitkan pemikirannya di media massa. Namun pada kenyataannya tulisan-tulisan itu kurang banyak dikaji dalam sejarah arsitektur di Indonesia selain sebagai informasi pendukung dalam membantu memerikan karya bangunannya. Publikasi pemikiran Maclaine Pont diketahui seluruhnya terbit di media massa di Jawa dalam kurun waktu 1916-1936. Masa ketika masyarakat Hindia tengah bergolak dalam menyemaikan benih-benih identitasnya sebagai bangsa yang mandiri. Esai ini ingin menempatkan publikasi pemikiran arsitek Henri Maclaine Pont itu ke dalam konteks distribusi wacana sejaman untuk memberi gambaran mengenai partisipasi wacana arsitektur Maclaine Pont dalam wacana yang tengah dominan di sana. Kata kunci: wacana kolonial, wacana arsitektur, pengetahuan/kekuasaan.