Ida Bagus Ketut Arinasa

Cultural Erosion of Balinese Indigenous Knowledge of Food and Nutraceutical Plants

Cultural Erosion of Balinese Indigenous Knowledge of Food and Nutraceutical Plants.The island of Bali has several traditional Aga villages that survive under the pressures of an intense tourist industry and agricultural changes. In order to understand possible impacts on traditional ethnobotanical knowledge (TEK) in Bali, we interviewed local people living in 13 traditional villages regarding the number of known plants and their uses. We analyzed socioeconomic factors influencing change of such knowledge at both individual (informant) and community (village) level. We identified a total of 149 food and nutraceutical plants being used in the study area. Neither gender, occupation, income, nor level of formal education had a significant effect on TEK. However, informant’s age and village status were found to play an important role in the retention of TEK at an individual level. At the village level, the use of Internet/smart phones was an important predictor of cultural erosion.Erosi Budaya Pengetahuan Adat Bali Tentang Tanaman Pangan dan Nutraceutical.Pulau Bali memiliki beberapa desa Aga tradisional yang masih bertahan di tengah tekanan pariwisata dan perubahan sistem pertanian yang signifikan. Untuk memahami kemungkinan dampak pada pengetahuan etnobotani tradisional (TEK) di Bali, kami mewawancarai penduduk lokal yang tinggal di tiga belas desa tradisional tentang jumlah dan kegunaan tanaman yang mereka ketahui. Kami menganalisis faktor-faktor sosial ekonomi yang mempengaruhi perubahan pengetahuan etnobotani di tingkat individu (informan) dan masyarakat (desa). Kami mengidentifikasi total 149 tanaman pangan dan nutraceutical yang digunakan di lokasi penelitian. Baik jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, pendapatan, atau tingkat pendidikan formal memiliki dampak yang signifikan terhadap TEK. Namun, usia informan dan status desa memainkan peran penting dalam mempertahankan TEK pada tingkat individu. Dan di tingkat desa, penggunaan internet/ponsel pintar merupakan prediktor penting dari erosi budaya.

Traditional knowledge of wild and semi-wild edible plants used in Bali (Indonesia) to maintain biological and cultural diversity

We report the first ethnobotanical study of wild and semi-wild food plants used by the inhabitants of the villages of Bali. Considering the urgent need to avoid the loss of this traditional knowledge, 50 informants from 13 “Bali Aga” villages across four districts were selected for our field investigation. Ethnobotanical data were collected through different interview methods (direct observation, semi-structured interviews, key informant interviews, individual discussions, focus-group discussions, and questionnaires). The 86 recorded species belonging to 41 families and 68 genera, including angiosperms (82) and pteridophytes (4), are categorized as wild (33) and semi-wild (53), of which 63.64% are native to Malesian, Indian, and Indochinese. Wild and semi-wild edible plants play an important role in providing the Balinese with various essential nutrients. Fourteen species (16.28%) are also used medicinally. In recent years, with the growth of the tourist industry, the wild habitats of edible plants have been severely impacted. Traditional knowledge related to wild and semi-wild edible plants is also endangered. Therefore, the management of these resources and the preservation of biodiversity along with indigenous knowledge are of primary importance.

POTENSI BAMBU TALI (Gigantochloa apus J.A. & J.H. Schult. Kurz) SEBAGAI OBAT DI BALI

Penelitian mengenai pengaruh pemberian pupuk kandang dan kapur terhadap per-tumbuhan dan produksi nilam pada tanah podsolik merah kuning (PMK) dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan (KP) Laing Solok Suma-tera Barat sejak September 2007 sampai Mei 2008. Perlakuan disusun dalam Pola Faktorial, Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah penggunaan pupuk organik (0; 20; dan 30 t/ha) sebagai faktor I, dan kapur (0; 1,5; dan 2 t/ha) sebagai faktor II. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk kandang 30 t/ha yang dikombinasi-kan dengan pemberian kapur 2 t/ha meng-hasilkan pertumbuhan tanaman terbaik, dengan rataan tinggi tanaman 80,7 cm, jumlah cabang primer 33,4 buah, diameter tajuk 107,5 cm, dan produksi terna 25,2 t/ha. Hasil tersebut berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan kontrol dengan rataan tinggi tanaman 57,3 cm, jumlah cabang primer 20,9 buah, diameter tajuk 67,4 cm, dan produksi terna 6,1 t/ha.The Effect of Oryzalin on Ploidy Level of Arrowroot Plant ( Maranta arundinacea L. ) Arrowroot is propagated vegetative so its genetic variation is very narrow. The narrow genetic variation could be broadened through ploidy manipulation. Oryzalin could induce ploidy level of chromosomes and broaden plant genetic variation. Increase in chromosome number usually corresponds with increase stomata, corm, and starch contents. The aims of this research were to broaden germplasms of arrowroot plant by doubling its chromosomes and seeking for individual plants that potentially poly-ploidy to yield increase. This experiment had been done in experimental garden of Cibinong Science Center, February-December 2009. A five-node rhizome was soaked in Oryzalin solution of 0; 10; 20; 30; 40; 50; and 60 µM for 6 days and washed with water. The rhizome was then grown in a polybag containing soil and compost (1:1) in field with 30% shaded net. Oryzalin treatment at high concentration on arrowroot rhizome inhibited plant growth but it increased plant growth at low concentration (10 µM). Several arrowroot plants resulted from Oryzalin treatments were potential polyploid plants. Their stomata were bigger/longer, greener, more rounded, thicker, and more undulated leaves than the control.