Igor Ivan

Geoinformatics for Intelligent Transportation

The aim of the book is to present and discuss new methods, issues and challenges involved in geoinformatics contribution to making transportation more intelligent, efficient and human-friendly. It covers a wide range of topics related to transportation and geoinformatics. The themes are divided into four main sections: Transport modeling, Sensor data and services, Intelligent transport systems, and Transport planning and accessibility.

Interchange nodes between suburban and urban public transport: A case study of the Czech Republic

This paper presents a methodology for localizing theoretical interchange nodes used for interchange between suburban and urban public transport in thirteen regional capitals in the Czech Republic. This methodology is based on the use of current timetables and simulation of more than 2,500 public transport connections between selected surrounding municipalities with significant commuter flows and randomly selected urban public transport stops within the regional capitals. The second part of the paper focuses on particular interchange nodes. Regional capitals are divided into groups according to the level of centrality of interchange nodes and the prevailing orientation of the transport mode. The article also analyzes the time stability of localized interchange nodes.

Geoparsing of Czech RSS News and Evaluation of Its Spatial Distribution

Geoparsing assigns geographic identifiers to textual words and phrases in documents. The specific problem is how to apply geoparsing in languages where changes of word termination occur. An appropriate method requires a flexible solution reflecting different strategies and priorities. Sixteen Czech RSS news channels were evaluated according to ten criteria. Three selected RSS channels were monitored for more than two years. The applied geoparsing included successive steps of different filters’ application and utilized the generation of different grammatical cases for recognized entities. Various problems with geographical names are classified and documented. The quality assessment shows satisfactory results namely for identification of names in domiciles (94%). The pessimistic strategy is applied to analyze a geographical balance of news distribution. The results show significant differences between distribution of news in monitored channels and document a high concentration of cultural and national news in several locations.

Sparse Big Data Problem. A Case Study of Czech Graffiti Crimes

Sparse data sets may be considered as a one of the issues of big data generating extremely uneven frequency distribution. To deal with this issue, special methods must be applied. The study is focused on the Czech graffiti crimes and selected factors (property offences, buildings, flats, garages, educational facilities, and gambling clubs) which may influence the graffiti crimes occurrence. For regression analysis decision trees with the exhaustive CHAID growing method were applied. Grid models with 100, 500 and 1000 m cells were tested. The model of 1 km grid was evaluated as the best. The most influencing factors are the occurrence of secondary schools and gambling devices enhanced for several territorial units. The results of the decision tree for 1 km grid are validated using alternative models of data aggregation—aggregation around the randomly selected building and randomly distributed points.

Demand and Supply of Transport Connections for Commuting in the Czech Republic

The question of modal split or modal share for commuting is still very relevant topic in the studies of transport issues. This paper deals with evaluating of real demands for individual and public transport using for daily commuting between municipalities in the Czech Republic based on data from census 2011. Results discover a strong relationship between individual transport use and geographical location. The highest share of individual transport is in western areas and less populated municipalities. Concurrently the public transport supply is analysed based on data from the Database of public transport connections which has been developing by authors since 2007. Comparing evaluated transport demand and supply, all municipalities are divided into 12 categories. Various demographical (age, education, population) and geographical (altitude, area, distance to regional and national borders, x and y coordinates) factors including commuting time are studied and discussed in four most extreme groups. Typically small demand and small supply for public transport is correlated with high car ownership index, small number of residents, and closeness of regional borders (internal peripheries).

Time of Day Dependency of Public Transport Accessibility in the Czech Republic

The accessibility evaluation of public transport is based on commuting to work conditions in Czech municipalities. Searching in time schedules are supported by client-server parallel processing. Three indicators are calculated for each municipality, district and region. Their evaluation proves the significant differences between commuting times. It indicates that traditional commuting pattern still persists in time schedules. The analysis of how regional differences in accessibility are changed according to commuting time intervals shows that accessibility for late morning is significantly decreased (compare to early morning) in all districts except of Prague and surrounding districts. The most dramatic drop of accessibility (more than 4 times) is recognised in the central part of the country. The combined evaluation of both-way accessibility for public transport discovers areas with serious restrictions on commuting to afternoon and night work shift using.

Google Trends for Data Mining. Study of Czech Towns

Selected web search engines provide statistics of user activities according to the topics, time and locations. The utilization requires well prepared phrases and searching range. The system of etalons for calibration searching frequencies provided by Google Trends is proposed. It was applied for evaluation of searching names of Czech towns. The regression analysis proved high correlation with population. Highlighted anomalies were explored. K-means cluster analysis enabled a categorization of selected towns. The geographical network analysis of relationships among towns suffers from low quality of locations provided by Google. The discussion includes an overview of main pros and cons of Google Trends and provides recommendations.

Dynamics in GIscience

The article gives a new approach to the assessment of objects in terms of various criteria which by its nature belong to the issue of multi-criteria decision making and analysis. The proposed variant of multi-criteria decision-making is based on a comparison of the real considered object model that is created according to user’s requirements with the reference value. The geographic object means a real object in this case the object is stored in digital geo-database in the geographic information system (GIS). The reference value represents optimal geographic object which is the most suitable for user’s purposes. The comparison of the values of individual criteria is based on the theory of tolerance and metric spaces. Supplementary GIS-based application to calculate the weights of the criteria, which have served to comparison was used. The proposed procedure for the evaluation of various criteria has been validated on a pilot project “SMART Regions” in the city Brno district of Nový Lískovec neighbourhood in the Czech Republic. Around the city district known by its typical of prefabricated blocks of flats it is necessary to compare the different options for renewal urban housing development. Urbanization city prefabricated housing estates using GIS opportunities will be ready to quick respond to the call of various changes in the field of energy sustainability. Therefore, it is important to utilize the available environmental resources for energy sustainability. D. Bartoněk (&) Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Geodesy, Brno University of Technology, Veveří 330/95, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic e-mail: bartonek.d@fce.vutbr.cz D. Bartoněk European Polytechnic Institute, Osvobození 899, 686 04 Kunovice, Czech Republic S. Dermeková J. Škurla Faculty of Civil Engineering, AdMaS Center, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 139, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic e-mail: dermekova.s@fce.vutbr.cz J. Škurla e-mail: skurla.j@fce.vutbr.cz

Multidimensional Evaluation of Public Transport Accessibility

Public transport conditions are analysed using simulated commuting to important employers and recording data about significant features of all simulated trips. Two forms of overall public transport accessibility evaluation are compared—rule based and multivariate based classifications. Rule based classification was developed in several variants integrating two or four indicators, average and non-aggregated values. More valuable results were obtained using extended set of indicators for non-aggregated trips. The multivariate classification utilizes a novel approach to K-means cluster analysis using decile values. The comparison of both classifications shows a primary role of expert based classification. K-means cluster analysis based on deciles or median values are suitable for establishing more common typology but not for a local accessibility evaluation.

The efficiency and public transport accessibility of indirect state administration in the Czech Republic

Abstract This paper examines the efficiency and public transport accessibility of indirect (devolved) state administration performed by municipalities with extended powers (hereinafter MEPs) in the Czech Republic. Our aim is to evaluate the efficiency of the revenues made by municipalities with extended powers, through performing powers delegated to them by the state administration, and those municipalities’ public transport accessibility as of 31 December, 2014. The rate of efficiency is tested on an output-oriented Free Disposable Hull model. One input variable is selected - the operating expenses of the municipal offices recalculated per inhabitant of the municipality’s administrative district - and two output variables are selected: contribution to the performance of state administration, recalculated per inhabitant of the municipality’s administrative district, and revenues from administrative fees per inhabitant of the municipality’s administrative district. The municipality’s offices’ transport accessibility is evaluated via network analysis using ArcGIS software. The article investigates the hypothesis that public administration deconcentration practices logically result in higher security costs and therefore inefficiency. The results reveal that only 66 of the country’s 205 MEPs are efficient and that operating expenses and state contributions for the performance of state administrative tasks play a significant role in these results. Efficiency is less significantly influenced by administrative fee revenues. Public transport accessibility is analyzed for two time intervals - 6:00 to 8:00 am and 1:00 to 2:00 pm - on Tuesdays. The degree of accessibility is defined using a six-point scale of accessibility. The results show that the best accessibility is in the morning hours, when the offices are accessible for 68.8% of the population aged 15+ in the Czech Republic; the worst accessibility is in the afternoon hours when only 2% of the population aged 15+ can access the offices.