Ilgi Karapinar Kapdan

Effect of environmental conditions on biological decolorization of textile dyestuff by C. versicolor

Effects of environmental conditions such as pH, media composition, carbon and nitrogen sources, TOC/N ratio, and dyestuff concentrations on decolorization of reactive phytalocyanin type textile dyestuff Everzol Turquoise Blue G by white rot fungi, Coriolus versicolor 20) or low nitrogen concentration was essential for effective decolorization of the dyestuff. Dyestuff concentration should be lower than 500 mg/l for complete decolorization. Only partial decolorization was observed for dyestuff concentrations above 500 mg/l. Adsorption of the dyestuff on surfaces of the fungi was insignificant (<20%).

Biological decolorization of textile dyestuff containing wastewater by Coriolus versicolor in a rotating biological contactor

Biologic decolorization of textile dyestuff Everzol Turquoise Blue G, a phthalocyanine type reactive dyestuff, by white-rot fungi Coriolus versicolor MUCL was studied in a rotating biological contactor (RBC). The effects of different operating parameters such as, disc type, rotational speed (10–40 rpm), glucose (5–10 g/L) and dyestuff concentration (50–500 mg/liter) on the decolorization performance of white rot fungi were investigated. The system was operated in repeated- batch mode with 48 h hydraulic retention time. The environmental conditions were adjusted to T = 28°C and pH = 4.5–5.0. TOC, glucose and dyestuff concentrations were determined throughout the experiments. Three different disc types; plastic, metal mesh covered plastic discs and metal mesh discs were used and the plastic disc was found to be the most suitable one. The highest decolorization efficiency (80%) was obtained with a rotational speed of 30 rpm. Minimum glucose concentration for 77% decolorization efficiency was 5 g/L. Decolorization efficiency was around 80% for 50–200 mg/liter initial dyestuff concentrations and decreased to 33% for 500 mg dyestuff/liter.

Biological decolorization of textile dyestuff by Coriolus versicolor in a packed column reactor

Biological decolorization of textile dyestuff Everzol Turquoise Blue G, a phthalocyanin type reactive dyestuff, by white-rot fungi Coriolus versicolor MUCL was studied in a packed column reactor. Decolorization performance of fungi immobilized on different support particles such as metal mesh, sponge, stone, wood ash, polyurethane and wood particles were investigated in shake flasks. Metal mesh particles was found to be superior to the other immobilization matrices resulting in 97% decolorization efficiency. The packed column reactor containing fungi immobilized on metal mesh particles was operated in repeated-batch mode. The reactor was loaded 7 times with fresh colored media in every 24 hours. The reactor was gently aerated by a diffuser from the bottom of the column. Environmental conditions were adjusted to T= 28 °C and pH= 4.5–5.0. TOC, glucose and dyestuff concentrations were determined throughout the experiments. During the course of repeated batch operation, decolorization efficiency decreased from 99% to 50% in seven days. Operation of the reactor with 50-100-200 mg l−1 feed dyestuff concentrations resulted in 50% decolorization and 80% TOC removal efficiency in seven days.

Ionic liquid intercalated clay sorbents for micro solid phase extraction of steroid hormones from water samples with analysis by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Clay material plays an important role in the transport and retention of many compounds in the soil, therefore, clay based sorbents are promising alternatives for selective sorption of organic pollutants. In the present work, different chain length ionic liquids (ILs) namely, 1-methyl-3-octyl-imidazolium bromide, 1-methyl-3-undecyl-imidazolium bromide and 1-methyl-3-octadecyl-imidazolium bromide were intercalated in the galleries of montmorillonite (MMT) clay. Then, this novel nanofiller surface was utilized in micro extraction of estrogenic hormones for the first time. A fast procedure where sonication-assisted emulsification microextraction combined with vortex assisted micro-solid phase extraction (μ-SPE) was developed for the LC-MS/MS analysis of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) and ethynylestradiol (EE2). The parameters related to the μ-SPE procedure namely; pH, sorbent amount, extraction solvent type and volume, sonication and vortex time, sample volume and salt effect on the extraction efficiency were screened by applying Plackett-Burmann design. The selected parameters were then optimized by using Box-Behnken design. The method was validated for the determination of estrogenic hormone residues in river water samples. Linear calibration plots were obtained for all hormones whose regression coefficients were larger than 0.98. RSD values were found less than 10% for three levels of concentration. LOD levels were calculated as; 0.012, 0.062, 0.018 and 0.693 ng L(-1) for E1, E2, E3 and EE2, respectively. Recovery values were calculated in the range of 86.9-97.7%. Considering large sample volumes required for attaining low limits of these hormones, present method provides an ease for analyst as 10 mL of the sample is adequate for achieving the same sensitivity.