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Sialolipoma of the parotid gland.

A 33-year-old male patient with a slow-growing, painless, well-circumscribed soft tissue mass on the left parotid region is presented. The clinical impression was that of a benign salivary gland tumor. The tumor was situated in the superficial lobe of the gland, and a superficial parotidectomy was performed, with preservation of the facial nerve. Histopathologic examination results revealed a sialolipoma of the parotid gland and a lesion that consisted of both mature adipose tissue and glandular elements. Sialolipomas share similar clinical features with conventional lipomas of the salivary glands. Preoperative diagnosis is generally difficult, and computed tomographic scanning is useful in defining these benign parotid gland masses. Superficial parotidectomy is the usual surgical treatment for parotid gland superficial lobe lipomas, with near-total absence of recurrence.

Inferior turbinate composite graft for repair of nasal septal perforation.

Background Repair of nasal septal perforations is one of the most challenging procedures in nasal surgery. The aim of this prospective clinical study was to determine the efficacy of using an inferior turbinate composite graft (ITCG) for the repair of nasal septal perforation. Methods Between 2009 and 2011, 27 consecutive patients with nasal septal perforation underwent endoscopy-assisted, endonasal septal perforation repair by using an ITCG alone or in combination with bipedicled mucosal advancement flap. Results Complete closure of the perforation was achieved in 24 of 27 (88.8%) patients, and incomplete closure was observed in 2 patients with medium-sized perforation and 1 patient with large perforation. Conclusion The ITCG technique provides three-layer repair of the defect under no tension in closure of small perforations located anteriorly, posterior perforations with mucosal atrophy, or previous unsuccessful surgical repair. In graft-depleted revision rhinoplasty cases with small-sized septal perforations, this technique provides a simple solution with autogenous grafts. In cases involving larger perforations, the ITCG technique can easily be combined with bipedicled flap and allows for more options to solve a challenging problem. Current data from this prospective study suggest that this surgical technique may be used in the repair of nasal septal perforation.

The effect of 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation of a 3G mobile phone on the parotid gland of rats

PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate the effect of 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation on the parotid gland of rats in short and relatively long terms. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups. Groups A and B served as the control groups (for 10 days and 40 days, respectively), and each group included six rats. Groups C and D were composed of nine rats each, and they were the exposure groups. The rats were exposed to 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation emitted by a generator, simulating a third generation mobile phone for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 10 or 40 days. Following exposure, the rats were sacrificed and parotid glands were removed. Histopathological and biochemical examinations were performed. RESULTS Although there were no histopathological changes in the control groups except for two animals in group A and three animals in group B, the exposure groups C (10 days) and D (40 days) showed numerous histopathological changes regarding salivary gland damage including acinar epithelial cells, interstitial space, ductal system, vascular system, nucleus, amount of cytoplasm and variations in cell size. The histopathological changes were more prominent in group D compared to group C. There was statistically significant different parameter regarding variation in cell size between the groups B and D (p=0.036). CONCLUSION The parotid gland of rats showed numerous histopathological changes after exposure to 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation, both in the short and relatively long terms. Increased exposure duration led to an increase in the histopathological changes.

Role of electrical stimulation added to conventional therapy in patients with idiopathic facial (Bell) palsy.

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of electrical stimulation when added to conventional physical therapy with regard to clinical and neurophysiologic changes in patients with Bell palsy. Design This was a randomized controlled trial. Sixty patients diagnosed with Bell palsy (39 right sided, 21 left sided) were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two therapy groups. Group 1 received physical therapy applying hot pack, facial expression exercises, and massage to the facial muscles, whereas group 2 received electrical stimulation treatment in addition to the physical therapy, 5 days per week for a period of 3 wks. Patients were evaluated clinically and electrophysiologically before treatment (at the fourth week of the palsy) and again 3 mos later. Outcome measures included the House-Brackmann scale and Facial Disability Index scores, as well as facial nerve latencies and amplitudes of compound muscle action potentials derived from the frontalis and orbicularis oris muscles. Results Twenty-nine men (48.3%) and 31 women (51.7%) with Bell palsy were included in the study. In group 1, 16 (57.1%) patients had no axonal degeneration and 12 (42.9%) had axonal degeneration, compared with 17 (53.1%) and 15 (46.9%) patients in group 2, respectively. The baseline House-Brackmann and Facial Disability Index scores were similar between the groups. At 3 mos after onset, the Facial Disability Index scores were improved similarly in both groups. The classification of patients according to House-Brackmann scale revealed greater improvement in group 2 than in group 1. The mean motor nerve latencies and compound muscle action potential amplitudes of both facial muscles were statistically shorter in group 2, whereas only the mean motor latency of the frontalis muscle decreased in group 1. Conclusions The addition of 3 wks of daily electrical stimulation shortly after facial palsy onset (4 wks), improved functional facial movements and electrophysiologic outcome measures at the 3-mo follow-up in patients with Bell palsy. Further research focused on determining the most effective dosage and length of intervention with electrical stimulation is warranted.

A comparison of the effects of solvent and noise exposure on hearing, together and separately.

The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of occupational exposure to noise and organic solvents on hearing loss in bus and truck plant workers. Our case control study contained 469 workers from a bus and truck plant divided into three groups. The first group contained workers exposed to only noise; the second group contained workers exposed to both noise and mixture solvents at a permissible level; and the third group included workers exposed to permissible levels of solvents. The control group (Group 4) included 119 individuals selected randomly, persons who were not exposed to noise and solvents. These groups were compared in terms of each individuals frequency hearing loss in both ears. Our study demonstrates that combined exposure to mixed solvents and noise can exacerbate hearing loss in workers. Hence, a suitable hearing protection program is advised that would contain short-interval audiometric examinations and efficient hearing protectors.

When should automatic Auditory Brainstem Response test be used for newborn hearing screening

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the referral rate and when automatic Auditory Brainstem Response (aABR) should be used for newborn hearing screening. METHODS The present study enrolled 2933 healthy full-term infants and 176 infants with perinatal risk factors. Hearing screening using Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAEs) was performed in newborns for the first time 5 days after birth except perinatal risk factors infants. The TEOAE was repeated to neonates failing to pass at the 15th day after birth. Neonates failing to pass the second TEOAE, repeated the test again at the 30th day after birth. Neonates failing to pass the third TEOAE were referred for the second stage screening using aABR. In addition, neonates with risk factors were tested with aABR directly. RESULTS In this research, 85 (2.9%) infants who could not pass the TEOAE and 176 infants exposed to perinatal risk factors, underwent the aABR test. In the aABR, 14 (7.9%) of 176 infants exposed to perinatal risk factors and 10 (11.7%) of 85 infants who could not pass the TEOAE failed to pass. As a result, hearing loss was detected in only 10 (0.34%) of 2933 healthy full-term infants. CONCLUSION TEOAE should be performed at least twice in healthy full-term infants before aABR, because aABR is to be performed by specially trained personnel and takes a long time. In view of these results, it is our opinion that infants without perinatal risk factors should undergo TEOAE screening test and infants who did not pass control screening tests and have perinatal risk factors should absolutely undergo aABR test. But it should be remembered that TEOAE can cause a problem to miss auditory neuropathy in infants without perinatal risk factors.

The use of glass ionomer cement in the reconstructıon of the dorsal L- strut: An experımental study on rabbıts

This experimental study in a rabbit model aimed to investigate the use of glass ionomer cement as a tissue adhesive on the dorsal L‐ strut.

Arsenic related hearing loss in miners.

PURPOSE Arsenic is a toxic metalloid that carries number of potential risks to human health, although there is little evidence of the ototoxic effect of arsenic. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between arsenic exposure and hearing loss by measuring blood arsenic concentrations and hearing among miners. MATERIALS AND METHODS This research is a retrospective case control study. Included in the study were miners employed in a single silver mine whose blood arsenic concentrations were high. A comparison was made on the pure tone audiometry measurements taken from miners exposed only to arsenic (Group 1), those exposed to both arsenic and noise (Group 2) and a control group exposed to neither arsenic nor noise (Group 3). RESULTS It was found that for both ears at all frequencies, the hearing level of Group 3 was better than the hearing levels of both Group 1 and Group 2. There was no correlation between the blood arsenic levels and hearing levels in both ears. CONCLUSION This study has revealed the ototoxic effects of arsenic. As blood arsenic concentrations do not reflect long-term exposure, no correlation was identified between blood arsenic concentrations and hearing levels. Further studies will be needed to clarify the mechanisms involved in the effect of arsenic on hearing. This paper represents the largest study to date focusing on the isolated effects of arsenic on hearing through the use of a clinical auditory test.

T-Cell Lymphoma Presenting with Auricular and Parotid Gland Involvement.

Conflict of Interest: The authors of this paper have no conflicts of interest, including specific financial interests, relationships, and/or affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials included. References 1. Roschewski M, Wilson WH. EBV-associated lymphomas in adults. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2012;25:75-89. 2. Niedobitek G. Epstein-Barr virus infection in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Mol Pathol 2000;53:248-254. 3. Al-Hakeem DA, Fedele S, Carlos R, Porter S. Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. Oral Oncol 2007;43:4-14. 4. Jaccard A, Hermine O. Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: advances in the management. Curr Opin Oncol 2011;23:429-435. 5. Liu QF, Wang WH, Wang SL, Liu YP, Huang WT, Lu N, Zhou LQ, Ouyang H, Jin J, Li YX. Immunophenotypic and clinical differences between the nasal and extranasal subtypes of upper aerodigestive tract natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014;88:806-813. 6. Liang R. Diagnosis and management of primary nasal lymphoma of T-cell or NK-cell origin. Clin Lymphoma 2000;1:33-38. 7. Hasserjian RP, Harris NL. NK-cell lymphomas and leukemias: a spectrum of tumors with variable manifestations and immunophenotype. Am J Clin Pathol 2007;127:860-868. 8. Kwong YL. Natural killer-cell malignancies: diagnosis and treatment. Leukemia 2005;19:2186-2194.

Evaluation of middle ear pressure in the early period after adenoidectomy in children with adenoid hypertrophy without otitis media with effusion

OBJECTIVE Our aim was to analyze the changes in middle ear pressure in the early period after adenoidectomy in children with adenoid hypertrophy without otitis media with effusion. METHODS This prospective, descriptive study was performed on 64 patients (with normal tympanic membranes and tympanograms) undergoing adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy. All patients were operated by single experienced team using curettage technique. First tympanometry was done on the day before surgery. Tympanometry was repeated on the first-, third-, and seventh-day after the operation. Patients are separated into two groups according to age as patients younger than 6 years (Group A) and patients older than 6 years (Group B). All data were separately evaluated for each ear using Jerger Classification. RESULTS Of the 64 patients included in the study, 35 were male and 29 were female, and the average age was 91.01 ± 37.4 (35-178) months. Pathological decreases in the middle ear pressures of at least one ear were determined in 48 (75%) patients on the first postoperative day and in 10 (15.6%) patients on the third postoperative day. Middle ear pressures returned to preoperative values by the seventh postoperative day except in two patients. There were statistically significant differences (p<0.0001) among preoperative and first, third, and seventh postoperative day mean middle ear pressure. There were no statistically significant differences between Groups A and B in terms of tympanometry values of both ears obtained preoperatively and on the first, third, and seventh postoperative day. CONCLUSION In our study, temporary eustachian dysfunction and aural fullness occur in the early period after adenoidectomy and/or adenotonsillectomy. This situation may be due to post-surgery clots and edema in nasopharynx. We consider that tubal orifice can be exposed to surgical trauma as adenoidectomy surgeries are done by curettage technique. There is a need for comparative studies using microdebrider or laser adenoidectomy accompanied by an endoscope.