Indra Surya

The effects of the addition of alkanolamide on carbon blacks filled natural rubber compounds

The effects of the addition of alkanolamide (ALK) on cure characteristics and filler dispersion of the two types of carbon black (CB) filled natural rubber (NR) compounds were investigated. The N-550 and N-220 types of CB were utilised, and each of them was incorporated separately into NR compound with a fixed loading, 30.0 phr. The ALK was synthesized from Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Stearin and diethanolamine; and incorporated into the CB filled NR compounds as an additive ingredient. The ALK loadings were 3.0, 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0 phr. It was found that ALK could function as a secondary accelerator and also an internal plasticiser. As a secondary accelerator; ALK decreased the scorch and cure times of the N-550 and N-220 CBs filled NR compounds. The higher the ALK loading, the shorter the scorch and cure times. As an internal plasticiser; ALK decreased the minimum torque and improved the dispersions of both types of CB in NR phases. At a similar ALK loading; N-220 exhibited higher cure rate, minimum and maximum torques and torque difference values. However, degree of filler dispersion of N-220 was poorer.

The Effect of Alkanolamide Addition on Cure and Tensile Properties of Unfilled Natural Rubber Compounds

Effect of alkanolamide (ALK) addition on cure and tensile properties of unfilled natural rubber (NR) compounds was investigated. The ALK was synthesized from Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Stearin (RBDPS) and diethanolamine, and incorporated into the unfilled-NR compound as a new rubber additive. The ALK loadings were 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 phr. It was found that the addition of ALK exhibited shorter scorch and cure times and higher elongation at break of the unfilled NR compounds. The ALK also exhibited higher torque differences, tensile modulus and tensile strength of up to 0.6 phr of ALK loading and then decreased with further increases in the ALK loading. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) proved that 0.6 phr loading of ALK in the NR compounds exhibited the greatest matrix tearing line and surface roughness which correlated to a higher tensile strength of the NR compound.

Compatibilized Natural Rubber/recycled Ethylene-propylene-diene Rubber Blends by Biocompatibilizer

ABSTRACT Biocompatibilizer-based refined, bleached, deodorized palm stearin was successfully used as compatibilizer for natural rubber/recycled ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (NR/R-EPDM) blends. It seems effective in improving the state of cure, tensile properties, as well as the swelling resistance and morphology of the blends, indicating an improvement in compatibility between the NR matrix and R-EPDM rendered by biocompatibilizer. This was clearly verified by the dynamic mechanical properties of the blends. The dynamic responses obtained were clearly corresponding to the swelling result. It proves that the cross-link density plays a major role in the changes of storage modulus and degree of entanglement.

Effect of Leaching Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Latex (NRL) Products Filled Modified Kaolin

In this study, an effect of leaching treatment on the mechanical properties of natural rubber latex (NRL) products was investigated. The products were prepared by compounding the NRL dispersion system with modified kaolin as fillers then it was formed by dipping method. It was found that incorporation of fillers in NRL would result in lowering mechanical properties of vulcanizates when the leaching was performed. The results were confirmed further by characterization of Fourier-Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).