Ira R. Adelman
University of Minnesota
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Transactions of The American Fisheries Society | 1991
John G. Woiwode; Ira R. Adelman
Abstract Growth and food conversion efficiency of hybrid bass juveniles (female striped bass Morone saxatilis × male white bass M. chrysops) were measured as a function of diel oscillating and constant temperatures, spring (increasing day length) and autumnal (decreasing day length) photoperiods, and ration sizes ranging from no food to daily satiation. The optimum temperatures for growth and peak conversion efficiency were estimated to be 26.8 and 21.2°C, respectively, for fish under constant temperatures, 12 h of daylight, and a maximum ration size. Springtime photoperiod significantly increased growth, and autumnal photoperiod significantly reduced growth. There was a significant temperature-photoperiod interaction; maximum growth occurred at 27.9°C under the springtime photoperiod and at 25.7°C under the autumnal photoperiod. Diel temperature oscillations with an amplitude of ±4, 6, and 8°C did not influence growth rate or conversion efficiency. Reduced ration sizes led to a lower optimum temperature ...
Aquaculture | 1984
Edward M. Goolish; Ira R. Adelman
Abstract The potential for growth (scope for growth) by juvenile carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) fed various ration sizes, was examined for fish acclimated to temperatures over the range 12–30°C. Maximum growth rates of 0.71, 2.31, 3.12 and 3.32% body weight per day were recorded for fish acclimated to 12, 18, 24 and 30°C, respectively. For the same temperatures, respectively, maintenance rations were estimated as 0.40, 0.75, 1.20 and 1.90% of body weight per day. The overall maximum scope for growth, defined as the difference between the ration size for maximum growth and maintenance ration size, was estimated to occur at a temperature of 27°C. Food conversion efficiencies generally increased with higher acclimation temperature and always were higher at an intermediate ration.
North American Journal of Fisheries Management | 1996
Jingyin Li; Yosef Cohen; Dennis H. Schupp; Ira R. Adelman
Abstract Data from Minnesota Department of Natural Resources lake surveys and stocking records were used to examine the effects of stocking programs involving walleye Stizostedion vitreum on the abundance and size of fish in walleye populations and to determine to what extent and under what conditions these effects occurred. We used data from 4,470 surveys in 1,924 lakes and from 20,634 walleye stocking records in 1,716 lakes. The analyses were conducted for various sizes of stocked fish and stocking frequencies and for lake groups with different walleye reproductive status. We reached the following conclusions. (1) Stocking in lakes without natural walleye reproduction increased walleye population abundance, but stocking in lakes where reproduction occurred had no effect on population abundance, (2) In lakes without walleye reproduction, walleye mean weight was reduced by stocking. In lakes with walleye reproduction, fry stocking decreased the mean weight of fish, but fingerling stocking had no effect on...
Transactions of The American Fisheries Society | 1982
Carl M. Smagula; Ira R. Adelman
Abstract Substantial day-to-day variation in food consumption by groups of laboratory-held age-0 large-mouth bass Micropterus salmoides occurred at temperatures of 14, 20, and 26 C for 108–113- and 136–140-mm size classes of fish. The largemouth bass were continuously provided with an unrestricted ration of live fathead minnows Pimephales promelas. Day-to-day differences in food consumption could not be distinguished from random variation about a mean value, indicating that day-to-day consumption levels were independent of each other. The effects of fish sample size on the number of sample dates needed to assure certain levels of precision in the estimation of mean diel food consumption over 5-week intervals (based on the feeding schedule of age-0 largemouth bass in the present study) were simulated by computer. A 95% probability of only a 10% relative error level (coefficient of variation) would require sampling 25 fish from two to four times over the 5-week period. Caution should be exercised when obser...
Transactions of The American Fisheries Society | 1970
Ira R. Adelman; Lloyd L. Smith
Abstract A series of bioassays were conducted to test the effect of H2S at two concentrations of oxygen on northern pike (Esox lucius L.) eggs and sac fry. At an oxygen concentration of approximately 2 ppm mean median tolerance limits (TLm) for eggs were 0.411, 0.076, 0.038, 0.034, and 0.030 ppm H2S for 24, 48, 72, 96 hours, and for the duration of the embryonic period, respectively. At an oxygen concentration of approximately 6 ppm mean median tolerance limits (TLm) were 0.181, 0.046, 0.041, 0.037, and 0.032 ppm H2S for 24, 48, 72, 96 hours, and for the duration of the embryonic period, respectively. Mean TLm values for sac fry were 0.035, 0.016, 0.012, and 0.009 ppm H2S at 2 ppm oxygen and 0.160, 0.047, 0.030, and 0.026 ppm H2S at 6 ppm oxygen for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, respectively. Eggs subjected to H2S resulted in increasing percentages of sac fry with anatomical malformations. Sac fry hatched from eggs held at the higher H2S concentrations were smaller than the controls. Sac fry subjected to H2S ...
North American Journal of Fisheries Management | 1996
Jingyin Li; Yosef Cohen; Dennis H. Schupp; Ira R. Adelman
Abstract The success of stocking programs involving walleye Stizostedion vitreum has frequently been judged by the contributions of the stocked walleye to the abundance of year-classes. But evaluation methods based only on contributions to the year-class augmented may be biased. We developed a method of estimating walleye year-class strength based on catch-at-age data from routine fish population assessments. We then examined the effect of walleye stocking on the stocked year-class and other year-classes by using catch-at-age data from walleyes in 200 Minnesota lakes. Although stocking increased the abundance of a year-class in lakes with natural walleye reproduction, stocking, especially of fingerlings, decreased the abundance of year-classes 1 year younger and 1 year older than the stocked year-class. In lakes without natural walleye reproduction, stocking did not affect adjacent year-classes significantly.
BMC Bioinformatics | 2009
Natàlia Garcia-Reyero; Ira R. Adelman; Dalma Martinović; Li Liu; Nancy D. Denslow
BackgroundEnvironmental monitoring for pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors in the aquatic environment traditionally employs a variety of methods including analytical chemistry, as well as a variety of histological and biochemical endpoints that correlate with the fish fitness. It is now clear that analytical chemistry alone is insufficient to identify aquatic environments that are compromised because these measurements do not identify the biologically available dose. The biological endpoints that are measured are important because they relate to known impairments; however, they are not specific to the contaminants and often focus on only a few known endpoints. These studies can be enhanced by looking more broadly at changes in gene expression, especially if the analysis focuses on biochemical pathways. The present study was designed to obtain additional information for well-characterized sites adjacent to sewage treatment plants in MN that are thought to be impacted by endocrine disruptors.ResultsHere we examine five sites that have been previously characterized and examine changes in gene expression in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) that have been caged for 48 h in each of the aquatic environments. We find that the gene expression changes are characteristic and unique at each of the five sites. Also, fish exposed to two of the sites, 7 and 12, present a more aggressive behavior compared to control fish.ConclusionOur results show that a short-term exposure to sewage treatment plant effluents was able to induce a site-specific gene expression pattern in the fathead minnow gonad and liver. The short-term exposure was also enough to affect fish sexual behavior. Our results also show that microarray analysis can be very useful at determining potential exposure to chemicals, and could be used routinely as a tool for environmental monitoring.
Journal of Thermal Biology | 1992
John G. Woiwode; Ira R. Adelman
Abstract 1. 1.|A 1°C increase in constant acclimation temperature over a range of 6.5 to 33.1°C increased the critical thermal maximum (CTM) by 0.47°C for both starved and satiated hybrid bass; however, the CTM of starved fish averaged 0.35°C lower than satiated fish. 2. 2.|If the mean daily temperature was at least 24°C, diel oscillating temperatures of ±4°C amplitude increased the CTM. 3. 3.|With a mean daily temperature of 20°C, oscillating temperatures had no effect on the CTM for satiated fish and the CTM for starved fish was reduced. 4. 4.|Photoperiod had no discernible effect on CTM.
Marine Environmental Research | 2008
Natàlia Garcia-Reyero; Ira R. Adelman; Li Liu; Nancy D. Denslow
Water treatment plants are often not effective in removing pharmaceuticals, personal care products or natural hormones from their effluents. To test the effects of these effluents on fish, we exposed male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) for 48h to effluents at two sites, one up-stream and the other down-stream from a water treatment plant. Gene expression profiling showed that significant changes occurred in the gonad of fish exposed below, compared to above the treatment plant and to laboratory control fish. Among the biological processes affected were the innate immune response, response to stress, control of homeostasis, control of transcription, metabolism, and cell communication. This work suggests that fish are impacted by exposures to the sewage treatment effluents and effects can be detected rapidly by gene expression profiling.
The Progressive Fish-culturist | 1996
Yongjiu Cai; Julie Wermerskirchen; Ira R. Adelman
Abstract Yearling rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were used to determine whether ammonia excretion rate could serve as an indicator of the dietary protein requirement of fish. Over 10-d periods, fish were fed a fixed quantity of feeds containing 35, 40, or 45% protein. Ammonia excretion rate was not significantly different between fish fed the 35% (deficient) and 40% (optimum) protein diets, but increased significantly between fish fed the 40%n and the 45% (excessive) protein diets. Average gain in weight by fish increased significantly between the 35% and 40% protein diets but not between the 40% and 45% diets. Both ammonia excretion and weight gain consistently indicated that 40% crude protein was the optimum level. Ammonia excretion rate can serve as a good indicator of the optimum protein content in the diet, especially when combined with data on growth rate. This approach looks promising for determining protein requirements of fish through studies of relatively short duration.