Irán Alia-Tejacal

Influence of Trap Color and Food Bait on the Catches of Scyphophorus acupunctatus by Pheromone-Baited Traps in Tuberose Crop

Insect pest monitoring requires having simple and efficient methods to take samples of the insect populations (Webster et al., 1986). Traps baited with semiochemicals may be an important tool for monitoring insect pest populations in a range of crop and orchard pests, stored products, and forestry pests (Wyatt, 1997). In this context, the optimization of traps is of vital importance in the development of useful monitoring systems (Bloem et al., 2005). The relative efficiency of traps baited with semiochemicals depends on factors such as proper trap design, trap color, optimal trap height, trap placement, and the influence of weather on trap captures, among other factors (Wall, 1990). Generally, weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) produced aggregation pheromones emitted by males (Bartelt, 1999), and in many cases these compounds have been used for monitoring and mass trapping of weevils (Alpizar et al., 2002; Reddy et al., 2005). In addition, host plant volatiles may synergize the response of weevils to pheromone traps (Cerda et al., 1998; Rochat et al., 1991). The weevil Scyphophorus acupunctatus Gyllenhal is the most important insect pest of Mexican tuberose, Polianthes tuberosa L. (Camino et al., 2002; Hernández et al., 2012; Vásquez, 2004). This plant is grown in Mexico for cut flower production and as a source of perfume (Camino et al., 2002). Recent investigations of S. acupunctatus chemical ecology have focused on pheromone communication (Ruiz-Montiel et al., 2003, 2008, 2009) and food attractants (Valdés et al., 2004; Azuara-Domı́nguez et al., 2012). Weevil males produce an aggregation pheromone: 2-methyl-4-octanone, which is highly attractive to females and males in field conditions (López-Martı́nez et al., 2011; Rodrı́guez-Rebollar et al., 2012). Regarding the food attractants, (Valdés et al., 2005) reported that S. acupunctatus was successfully caught in traps baited with chopped pineapple (Ananas comosus Merr.) and fermented maguey (Agave salmiana var. ferox [K. Koch) Gentry]) in Mexican tuberose fields. However, whether the combination of pheromone plus food bait improves the capture of S. acupunctatus remains to be tested. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of trap color and the combined use of the aggregation pheromone and food bait on the captures of S. acupunctatus in a Mexican tuberose crop.

Current and Potential Distribution of the Cactus Weevil, Cactophagus spinolae (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Mexico

Abstract The maximum entropy algorithm (MaxEnt) was used to create a model of the suitable environment for the cactus weevil, Cactophagus spinolae (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Mexico and to analyze the climatic factors influencing the weevils potential distribution and possible impacts on another Cactaceae species. Areas located west of the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, south of the Mexican Plateu, east of the Balsas Basin, and northwest of the Sierra Madre del Sur biogeographical provinces were found to be more suitable for the emergence of the cactus weevil. The climatic variables that determine the distribution of C. spinolae were seasonal temperatures (24.5%) and precipitation of coldest quarter (24.0%). The commercial production areas of edible Opuntia Mill. (prickly pear cactus and barbary fig) and pitahaya in Central Mexico match with the environmental suitability calculated for the cactus weevil.

Population Dynamics of Mexican Rice Borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar)1, Using a Pheromone Trap System in Sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum L., in Morelos, México

Abstract. The Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is one of the most important pests of sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum L., in Mexico, but the population dynamics of the adult are not known for conditions in the state of Morelos. During the 2013 season, 11,282 adult males were caught, with the largest number of adults trapped on the eastern and western sides of the state. Two population peaks were observed, the first during the dry season (February-June) and the second during the rainy season (October- December). Implementing monitoring of this stalk borer as part of an integrated pest management program is discussed.

Effects of ammonium and calcium on lisianthus growth

The objective of the present study was to determine the influence of ammonium (NH4+) (0% and 50% of total nitrogen, N) in combination with calcium (Ca) on the growth of lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) in perlite cultures. Ammonium significantly improved leaf area, stem diameter, flower buds, and chlorophyll content (SPAD index) while increasing levels of Ca resulted in decreased leaf area, and chlorophyll contents. Application of NH4+ increased dry weight (DW) of stems, leaves and flowers with a reduction in root DW. In contrast, increased Ca caused a decrease in DW of all plant parts, except flowers. Decreased photosynthesis in NH4+ -fed plants was associated with a decrease in magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) uptake, and an increase in phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) uptake. The potentially deleterious effect of this nutrient imbalance was counteracted by allocating more K and Mg to the shoot and flowers. The ability of lisianthus to shift the allocation of nutrients to sensitive plant parts may explain the tolerance of this species to high NH4+. Ammonium was associated with decreased peroxidase and catalase activities, suggesting that plants were under oxidative stress. Plants typically respond to high NH4+ nutrition by decreasing the uptake of Ca; however, in our study, increasing Ca and NH4+ resulted in increased Ca uptake, reaching toxic concentrations in shoot tissues.

Hosts of five Anastrepha Species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the State of Quintana Roo, Mexico

Summary Host plant records are reported for 5 species of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) collected from wild and commercial fruit species in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo.

Xylophagous Beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae and Cerambycidae) from Ficus carica L. (Moraceae) in Morelos, Mexico

Abstract Xylophagous buprestid (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and cerambycid beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) associated with common fig or “higuera”, Ficus carica L. (Moraceae), were studied in small orchards from Morelos, Mexico. Three species of Buprestidae and 11 species of Cerambycidae were identified. The cerambycids Eutrichillus comus Bates and Neoptychodes trilineatus (L.) were the most prevalent and abundant species reared from the sampled orchards. Ficus carica is recorded for the first time as a host for the buprestids Acmaeodera rustica Fischer, Chrysobothris analis LeConte, and Chrysobothris distincta Gory and the cerambycids Anelaphus piceum (Chemsak), E. comus, Lagocheirus obsoletus obsoletus Thomson, Sphaenothecus trilineatus Dupont, and Stenosphenus rufipes Bates. The role of xylophagous insects in the phytosanitary conditions of this fruit crop is discussed.

Atracción de Aphis nerii a Combinación de Colores bajo Condiciones de Laboratorio

Resumen. El pulgón Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe (Hemiptera: Aphididae) es una plaga importante de la papaya, Carica papaya L. en México debido a su papel como vector del Virus de la Mancha Anular del Papayo (PRSV-p). El monitoreo de poblaciones de pulgones se realiza en campo con trampas pegajosas amarillas, sin embargo se desconoce el color de preferencia de A. nerii. Por lo que se evaluó bajo condiciones de laboratorio, el tiempo de arribo y la permanencia de adultos alados a la combinación de dos colores (amarillo, rojo, blanco, o verde) dispuestos de manera contínua o alterna. Aphis nerii arribó en menor tiempo a colores claros cuando éstos fueron mostrados de forma continua, excepto en la combinación rojoverde, donde arribó más rápido al rojo. El arribo a colores claros también se mantuvo cuando fueron mostrados de manera alterna, aunque sin diferencias significativas. No se observaron diferencias en cuanto tiempo de permanencia en algún color en particular, aparentemente la preferencia es por colores claros. Cuando se contrastan amarillo-blanco y rojo-blanco, A. nerii reposa por mayor tiempo en blanco. En el campo se sugiere emplear trampas de color claro para el monitoreo de A. nerii.

Cuantificación microlisimétrica del consumo de agua en la nochebuena (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.)

Se acondiciono un invernadero experimental en Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico, para llevar a cabo la produccion de un cultivo de nochebuena bajo condiciones de ambiente protegido de agosto a noviembre de 2012. Se dio un seguimiento preciso tanto a las condiciones climaticas como al desarrollo fenologico del cultivo. Los siguientes parametros meteorologicos se registraron en intervalos de 15 min, al interior y al exterior del invernadero: velocidad y direccion del viento, radiacion solar, temperatura y humedad relativa. Como referencia, se midio tambien la precipitacion fuera del invernadero. El requerimiento de riego o evapotranspiracion (ET) real (ETr) de la nochebuena se midio con ocho microlisimetros de balance en macetas de polietileno de 15 cm de diametro con sustrato hoja/ tezontle/fibra de coco en proporcion 60:20:20, resultando en 40, 70, 150 y 122 mL dia-1 en las semanas 1, 4, 10 y 13 despues del trasplante (DDT), respectivamente. Con base en los datos de los sensores meteorologicos se estimo la ET de referencia (ETo) usando el algoritmo de Penman Monteith (PM) dentro y fuera del invernadero. Se calculo el coeficiente de cultivo (Kc), semanal y mensual de la nochebuena en invernadero, a partir de informacion climatica dentro, resultando en Kc de 0.22, 0.44, 0.54 y 0.43 en las semanas 1, 5, 11 y 13 DDT y de 0.21, 0.36, 0.39 y 0.3 en los meses 1, 2, 3 y 4 DDT, respectivamente

La refrigeración en húmedo y seco afecta la vida poscosecha de flores de corte de Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) ‘ABC Blue Rim’

Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. Avenida Universidad Núm. 1001. Cuernavaca, Morelos. C. P. 62209. Tel. 01 777 1345402. (yoyaly@hotmail.com), (vilomar.leo@gmail.com), (mjsainz63@yahoo.es). Departamento de Horticultura. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro. Calzada Antonio Narro 1923. Saltillo, Coahuila, C. P. 25315. Tel 01 844 2223675. (luisalonso.valdez@uaaan.mx). Departamento de Fitotecnia. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. Carretera México-Texcoco, km 38.5. Chapingo, Estado de México. C. P. 56230. Tel 01 595 9517682. (lozcol@gmail.com). Autor para correspondencia: ijac96@yahoo.com.mx.

Comportamiento de Híbridos de Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Frente a Melanaphis sacchari/sorghi 1 en el Estado de Morelos, México

Abstract. Some studies have reported the low genetic differentiation of Melanaphis sacchari/sorghi and its great phenotypic plasticity to quickly undergo adaptive changes that include change of host and rapid dispersion. In this experiment, damage and behavior of six commercial Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench hybrids, against attack by the aphid were evaluated at Xalostoc, Morelos. The incidence of the sugarcane aphid from 21 after days sowing (ADS) was observed in all genotypes, despite insecticides coating the seed. The intensity of attack was light (25%) to 35 ADS. The intensity increased at the 49 ADS to (grade 2), with least severity in the Ambar hybrid (50.6%) and the greatest for Milenia (65%). The aphid was most abundant at 56 ADS, with P20 (85%) and Milena (83.7%) the most affected hybrids. At the end of the crop cycle, two groups were formed, the least infested (85 P15, Ambar, and DKS-46) and the most damaged one (Milenia, Cobalt, and 85 P20). Agronomic variables such as fresh weight of the plant, plant height, tang weight, and dry weight of the plant were not different. There were differences only in the brix degrees, with low values for Ambar (3.5°Bx) and P15 (4.2°Bx) hybrids, significantly different from 85 P20 (6.9) and Milena (6.5°Bx).