Porfirio Juárez-López

Estudio de las principales plagas del nanche [Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) HBK] en Nayarit, México

El nanche (Byrsonima crassifolia) es atacado en forma consistente por insectos que pueden considerarse sus principales plagas. Las plagas del nanche que se encontraron son: gusano del fruto (Cryptophebia spp.; Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), gorgojo de las frutas secas (Carpophilus spp.; Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), salivazo del nanche (Clastoptera spp.; Hemiptera: Clastopteridae), periquito de los arboles (Membracis mexicana; Homoptera: Membracidae), escama verde (Coccus viridis; Hemiptera: Coccidae) y el piojo harinoso (Planoccus citri; Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Descripción de semillas silvestres de Euphorbia strigosa Hook and Arn del estado de Nayarit, México

espanolEn Mexico, Euphorbia strigosa se ha identificado como una especie con potencial ornamental, por su coloracion y su porte pequeno (35 cm, se considera una version enana de Euphorbia pulcherrima). La dificultad en la conservacion de E. strigosa se encuentra en la gran variabilidad de sus semillas en funcion de las condiciones ambientales y genotipicas donde la especie crece. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue describir las semillas de E. strigosa, de plantas silvestres del Estado de Nayarit, Mexico (2013-2014). Se midieron variables grupales de peso de 1000 y 100 semillas, asi como el numero de semillas en 1 g y en 10 mL. Ademas, una muestra de 130 semillas de cada ano se les evaluo individualmente variables fisicas. Las semillas se clasifican en funcion de tres grados de luminosidad del color cafe (claro, medio y oscuro) y cuatro rangos de peso (3,0-8,0; 8,1-13,0: 13.1-18.0 y > 18,1 mg). Basado en la clasificacion de los factores: ano de colecta, luminosidad del color cafe y el peso, se formaron 22 subgrupos. En cada subgrupo se evaluo el porcentaje de germinacion. Se presentaron diferencias significativas en todas las caracteristicas evaluadas, lo que indica la diversidad morfogenetica de las semillas colectadas. EnglishIn Mexico, Euphorbia strigosa has been identified as a species with ornamental potential, as a result of its color and small size (35 cm, is considered a dwarf version of Euphorbia pulcherrima). The difficulty in the conservation of E. strigosa is found in the great variability of its seeds depending on environmental and genotypic conditions where the species grows. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to describe the seeds of E. strigosa wild plants of the State of Nayarit, Mexico (2013-2014). Group variables of 1000 and 100 seeds were measured, as well as the number of seeds in 1 g and in 10 mL. In addition, a sample of 130 seeds from each year were individually assessed for physical variables. The seeds were classified according to three degrees of luminosity of the brown color (Clear medium and dark) and four weight ranges (3.0-8.0; 8.1-13.0; 13.1-18.0 y > 18.1 mg). Based on the classification of factors: Year of collection, lightness of coffee color and weight, 22 subgroups were formed. In each subgroup the percentage of germination was evaluated. There were significant differences in all characteristics evaluated, which indicates the morphogenetic diversity of the seeds collected.

Dinámica Poblacional de Moscas de la Fruta1 en Quintana Roo, México

Resumen. Con la finalidad de estudiar la dinámica poblacional de adultos Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) en Quintana Roo, México, se usaron trampas Multilure® con proteína sólida de febrero 2014 a enero 2015. Para las especies de importancia agrícola se calculó el índice Moscas Trampa Día. Se colectaron 7,416 especímenes y 11 especies: Anastrepha alveata, A. ampliata, A. fraterculus, A. hamata, A. ludens, A. montei, A. obliqua, A. pallens, A. serpentina, y A. spatulata. Las especies más abundantes fueron A. ampliata (993 especímenes), A. fraterculus (1,386), A. ludens (1,969), y A. obliqua (1,867), que fueron colectadas durante el periodo de este trabajo. Las especies con importancia agrícola mostraron valores de incidencia alta (≥0.0100). Anastrepha alveata, A. montei, A. pallens, y A. spatulata, son reportadas por primera vez en Quintana Roo.

Comportamiento de Híbridos de Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Frente a Melanaphis sacchari/sorghi 1 en el Estado de Morelos, México

Abstract. Some studies have reported the low genetic differentiation of Melanaphis sacchari/sorghi and its great phenotypic plasticity to quickly undergo adaptive changes that include change of host and rapid dispersion. In this experiment, damage and behavior of six commercial Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench hybrids, against attack by the aphid were evaluated at Xalostoc, Morelos. The incidence of the sugarcane aphid from 21 after days sowing (ADS) was observed in all genotypes, despite insecticides coating the seed. The intensity of attack was light (25%) to 35 ADS. The intensity increased at the 49 ADS to (grade 2), with least severity in the Ambar hybrid (50.6%) and the greatest for Milenia (65%). The aphid was most abundant at 56 ADS, with P20 (85%) and Milena (83.7%) the most affected hybrids. At the end of the crop cycle, two groups were formed, the least infested (85 P15, Ambar, and DKS-46) and the most damaged one (Milenia, Cobalt, and 85 P20). Agronomic variables such as fresh weight of the plant, plant height, tang weight, and dry weight of the plant were not different. There were differences only in the brix degrees, with low values for Ambar (3.5°Bx) and P15 (4.2°Bx) hybrids, significantly different from 85 P20 (6.9) and Milena (6.5°Bx).

BOTÂNICA E FISIOLOGIA/ BOTANY AND PHYSIOLOGY ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN ‘CUERNAVAQUEÑA’ MEXICAN PLUM (Spondias purpurea L.) AT DIFFERENT RIPENING STAGES

ABSTRACT - Mexican plum ( Spondias purpurea L.) ‘Cuernavaquena’ was harvested at four ripening stages, with the aim of evaluating the concentration of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in the pulp and the epicarp. The highest ethylene production (9.43 mL kg h -1 ) and total soluble solids concentration (23.9 °Brix) was observed in the fully ripe stage. Titratable acidity was higher in green stage compared to other analyzed ripening stages in both pulp (0.48 %) and epicarp (0.32 %). Fully ripe plum epicarp presented the highest content of total phenols (GAE 190 mg g -1 ), flavonoids (QE 214 mg g), and carotenoids (853 mg g -1 ) compared to other ripening stages. The antioxidant capacity was higher in the epicarp of the fully ripe fruit compared to the other ripening stages: DPPH (1087 µM TE /100 g), ABTS (1534 µM TE/100 g), and FRAP (1764 µM TE/100 g). Significant correlations (r = 0.60 *** to 0.95 **) between bioactive compounds concentrations and antioxidant activity were obtained.

Cold Storage of Two Selections of Soursop (Annona muricata L.) in Nayarit, Mexico

The maturity of two selections of soursop (G1 and G2) from Nayarit, Mexico, was evaluated under environmental conditions at 22°C and refrigeration at 15°C stored for 6 and 8 days, respectively. Maximum CO2 and ethylene values were present on the fifth and sixth day. The fruits exposed at 15°C had a significantly lower weight loss (5%) and showed no chilling injury. The firmness of two selections decreased more than 90%. The concentration of TSS increased to 5.3 to 15°Brix, and the titratable acidity was higher for fruit stored at 22°C. The highest concentration of phenols was recorded on the fourth day of storage at 22°C. The enzymatic activity of PPO was increased from physiological ripening to consumption ripening for both treatments. The two selections stored at 22°C registered the highest level of PME activity at ripeness. Shelf life was increased by up to 8 days (4 days at 15°C plus 4 days at 22°C) without causing chilling injury or alterations in the ripening process of the fruits. No significant differences were observed between the two selections evaluated; postharvest handling was considered to be similar; however, it would be advisable to evaluate other technologies combined with refrigeration.