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Zeitschrift Fur Gerontologie Und Geriatrie | 2004

[Psychopharmaceutical prescriptions to older people. A comparison between patients in aged- and nursing homes, outpatient treatment with nursing care and outpatients without nursing care].

Isabel Hach; Anke Rentsch; Jutta Krappweis; Wilhelm Kirch

Zusammenfassung.Inwieweit Pflegestufe, Geschlecht, Alter und ambulante bzw. Versorgung im Heim Einfluss auf die Psychopharmaka-Verordnungen bei älteren Menschen haben, untersucht die vorliegende Studie. Hierzu wurden Heimpatienten mit ambulant versorgten Patienten (mit und ohne Pflegestufe) verglichen. Es wurden die Daten von 3592 Versicherten der BKK Berlin 1999 hinsichtlich Versicherten-, Rezept-, Arzt- und ggf. Krankenhauscharakteristika in einer Längsschnittstudie retrospektiv ausgewertet. Insgesamt wurden den Heimbewohnern signifikant mehr Psychopharmaka verordnet, insbesondere mehr Neuroleptika (1-Jahres-Prävalenz 40% versus 12,4% und 7,4%). Hingegen erscheint die Qualität der Verordnungen (Verwendung wechselwirkungs- und nebenwirkungsärmerer Stoffgruppen) im Heimbereich höher zu sein. Ambulant verordneten meist Allgemeinmediziner (ca. 45%) und Internisten, im Heimbereich Nervenärzte (ca. 37%). Frauen wurden anteilig häufiger als Männern psychotrop wirksame Substanzen verschrieben. Mit steigender Pflegestufe nahm der Anteil der mit sedierenden Psychopharmaka medizierten Patienten zu. Ambulant wären Verbesserungen vor allem in der Qualität der Verordnungen der psychotropen Medikation wünschenswert, im Heimbereich vor allem in einer Reduzierung der Menge.Summary.To determine, whether age, sex, grade of need of care and living in nursing homes can influence prescribing behavior in elderly. In a retrospective and longitudinal study, the pattern of psychoactive drug prescriptions of nursing home residents was compared with non-institutionalized people with and without need of care. During 1999, the computerized files of 3592 people (> 60 years), insured by a health insurance fund (BKK) in Berlin, Germany, were obtained. Nursing home residents received significantly more prescriptions of psychoactive drugs than the others, especially more neuroleptics (40.1% versus 12.4% and 7.4%). Quality of prescriptions seemed to be higher in nursing homes (use of drugs with fewer side effects and less possible interactions), psychoactive drug prescriptions were given more frequently by psychiatrists and neurologists (37%). Non-institutionalized patients received them most from general practitioners (45%). Women received more prescriptions of psychoactive drugs than male patients. With rising grade of need of care, proportionately more patients received psychoactive drugs. The results of this study show some evidence of the lacking quality in the prescriptions of psychopharmaceuticals to the elderly.


Annals of Pharmacotherapy | 2004

Drug Use Patterns in Young German Women and Association with Mental Disorders

Isabel Hach; Anke Rentsch; Uwe Ruhl; Eni S. Becker; Veneta Türke; Jürgen Margraf; Wilhelm Kirch

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of data about drug use patterns in young women. Mental disorders may influence those drug use patterns. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate drug use patterns (prescribed drugs, self-medication) in general and in relation to the prevalence rates of mental disorders in young German women. METHODS: A total of 2064 women (18–24 y old), obtained in a random clustered sample, were asked about their actual and former medication use. Moreover, a structured psychological interview (Diagnostic Interview for Mental Disorders) was conducted with each woman to evaluate the prevalence of mental disorders (according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition). RESULTS: Oral contraceptives (55.9%), thyroid preparations (7.1%), respiratory system drugs (9.4%), and nervous system drugs (8%) were the most commonly used medications. Only 10% of the women with one or more mental disorders used psychotropic medication. As expected, women with mental disorders were significantly more likely to use antidepressants and psycholeptic agents (ie, sedatives/hypnotics, antipsychotics) than were women without any mental disorder. However, there were no significant differences in use of pain medication. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate an apparently inadequate supply of drugs acting on the nervous system for women with mental disorders in Germany. Further studies on different age and gender groups are needed. It is important to evaluate the prevalence of diseases and drug use at the same time so as to identify deficits in drug therapy and optimize prescription and self-medication use.


Annals of Pharmacotherapy | 2009

Health Beliefs and Over-the-Counter Product Use

Constanze Häußinger; Uwe Ruhl; Isabel Hach

Background Pharmacists are often consulted as medical advisors. Given this case, customers and pharmacists should interact in a trustful way (eg, in terms of responding to customers needs or recommending a different drug). Consideration of the health beliefs of the customer could improve the interaction between pharmacists and their clients and have a positive impact on medical adherence. Objective To examine the health beliefs of pharmacy customers in Germany, the impact of those beliefs on over-the-counter (OTC) medication use, and associations with sociodemographic variables. Methods By means of literature review and methodical surveys, a standardized questionnaire was designed that contained 68 items concerning health beliefs, habits of OTC product use, decision criteria that customers used when purchasing drugs, and information about the sociodemographic background of the participants. Main outcome measures were reliability (Cronbachs α) and correlations. A random sample of 58 pharmacies in Saxony, Germany (10 questionnaires per pharmacy), invited their customers to take part in our study. Results One hundred twenty-three questionnaires (response rate 53.48%) were completed and returned to us. The outcome suggests that there is a strong association between health beliefs and frequency of use or the type of OTC drug (eg, illness attributions: p < 0.05; preventive lifestyle: p < 0.05). There were no significant associations between sociodemographic variables and chosen drugs. Conclusions Health beliefs, in terms of the general attitude toward health and illness, illness attribution, prevention, and the attitude toward treatment strategies, influence the kind of remedy (conventional vs complementary medication) that consumers seek. These results may have implications for consultations in pharmacies or for product marketing.


Medizinische Klinik | 2005

Arzneimittelberatungsdienste als Instrumente der Versorgungsforschung

Isabel Hach; Dirk Meusel; Ulf Maywald; Wilhelm Kirch

ZusammenfassungHintergrund:Beratungsdienste für Ärzte und Patienten tragen zur Verbesserung der Arzt-Patient-Kommunikation bei und können die aktuelle Versorgungslage beschreiben.Methodik:Die Daten des seit 1995 etablierten Arzneimittelberatungsdienstes für Ärzte (ABDÄ) und des seit 2001 bestehenden Patienteninformationsdienstes (ABDP) am Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie der TU Dresden wurden deskriptiv ausgewertet.Ergebnisse:Beide Beratungsdienste wurden häufig in Anspruch genommen (2004: 129 ärztliche Anfragen vs. 1 358 Patientenanfragen). Die Anfragen in beiden Beratungsdiensten bezogen sich in der Hauptsache auf hochprävalente Arzneimittelgruppen, am häufigsten wurde zu kardiovaskulären Therapeutika (ABDÄ: 20%; ABDP: 30%) und Psychopharmaka (ABDÄ: 22%; ABDP: 17%) Auskunft gegeben.Schlussfolgerung:Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass aus Patientensicht von den Angehörigen der Heilberufe nicht ausreichend über die verordnete Medikation aufgeklärt wird. Auch wenn in beiden Beratungsdiensten inhaltlich ähnliche Arzneimittelgruppen Gegenstand der Anfrage waren, dürfte ein Zeitproblem eher für mangelnde Aufklärung verantwortlich zu machen sein als ärztliche Wissensdefizite.AbstractBackground:Patient- and physician-centered drug information services (DICs) can contribute to a better communication between doctors and patients and health care research. Furthermore, gaps within health care can be identified.Methods:Data of two DICs (the physician-centered service is in operation for almost 10 years, the patient-centered service since 2001), both established in the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the TU Dresden, Germany, were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results:The consultation frequency in both DICs was high (2004: 129 enquiries by physicians; 1,358 by patients). Questions concerning highly prevalent drug groups, i. e., cardiovascular drugs (physicians: 20%; patients: 30%) and drugs targeting the central nervous system (physicians: 22%; patients: 17%) were asked most frequently.Conclusion:The results indicate that patient’s drug information in primary care needs improvement. Although in both DICs similar drug groups were asked, the authors suggest that the time factor is the core obstacle to sufficient information rather than knowledge deficits of physicians.


Zeitschrift Fur Gerontologie Und Geriatrie | 2004

Psychopharmakaverordnungen an älteren Menschen

Isabel Hach; Anke Rentsch; Jutta Krappweis; Wilhelm Kirch

Zusammenfassung.Inwieweit Pflegestufe, Geschlecht, Alter und ambulante bzw. Versorgung im Heim Einfluss auf die Psychopharmaka-Verordnungen bei älteren Menschen haben, untersucht die vorliegende Studie. Hierzu wurden Heimpatienten mit ambulant versorgten Patienten (mit und ohne Pflegestufe) verglichen. Es wurden die Daten von 3592 Versicherten der BKK Berlin 1999 hinsichtlich Versicherten-, Rezept-, Arzt- und ggf. Krankenhauscharakteristika in einer Längsschnittstudie retrospektiv ausgewertet. Insgesamt wurden den Heimbewohnern signifikant mehr Psychopharmaka verordnet, insbesondere mehr Neuroleptika (1-Jahres-Prävalenz 40% versus 12,4% und 7,4%). Hingegen erscheint die Qualität der Verordnungen (Verwendung wechselwirkungs- und nebenwirkungsärmerer Stoffgruppen) im Heimbereich höher zu sein. Ambulant verordneten meist Allgemeinmediziner (ca. 45%) und Internisten, im Heimbereich Nervenärzte (ca. 37%). Frauen wurden anteilig häufiger als Männern psychotrop wirksame Substanzen verschrieben. Mit steigender Pflegestufe nahm der Anteil der mit sedierenden Psychopharmaka medizierten Patienten zu. Ambulant wären Verbesserungen vor allem in der Qualität der Verordnungen der psychotropen Medikation wünschenswert, im Heimbereich vor allem in einer Reduzierung der Menge.Summary.To determine, whether age, sex, grade of need of care and living in nursing homes can influence prescribing behavior in elderly. In a retrospective and longitudinal study, the pattern of psychoactive drug prescriptions of nursing home residents was compared with non-institutionalized people with and without need of care. During 1999, the computerized files of 3592 people (> 60 years), insured by a health insurance fund (BKK) in Berlin, Germany, were obtained. Nursing home residents received significantly more prescriptions of psychoactive drugs than the others, especially more neuroleptics (40.1% versus 12.4% and 7.4%). Quality of prescriptions seemed to be higher in nursing homes (use of drugs with fewer side effects and less possible interactions), psychoactive drug prescriptions were given more frequently by psychiatrists and neurologists (37%). Non-institutionalized patients received them most from general practitioners (45%). Women received more prescriptions of psychoactive drugs than male patients. With rising grade of need of care, proportionately more patients received psychoactive drugs. The results of this study show some evidence of the lacking quality in the prescriptions of psychopharmaceuticals to the elderly.


Journal of Public Health | 2005

Recognition and therapy of eating disorders in young women in primary care

Isabel Hach; Uwe Ruhl; Anke Rentsch; Eni S. Becker; Veneta Türke; Jürgen Margraf; Wilhelm Kirch

ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of eating disorders (ED) in a general population sample of young German women, compare those to primary care diagnoses, and investigate their medical treatments.MethodsIn a prospective epidemiological study, a representative sample of young women (n=1555, between 18 and 25 years of age) was questioned twice during a structured psychological interview (F-DIPS) for mental disorders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). At the same time, personal health insurance data were recorded and primary care physicians’ diagnoses and payments for services rendered were analyzed.ResultsThe lifetime prevalence of eating disorders was 3.3% (2.3% anorexia nervosa, 1.1% bulimia nervosa). The primary care physicians diagnosed eating disorders in only about 20% of the women concerned. Eating disorders were often overlooked, although physicians detected physical and mental complaints (e.g., menstrual cycle disorders, abnormal weight loss, flatulence, depression, anxiety disorders), which are closely related to eating disorders. If the primary care physicians had diagnosed eating disorders, they mostly recommended psychotherapeutic treatment as the only measure, or in combination with pharmacological therapy.ConclusionThe study indicates that primary care physicians need better training, particularly in diagnostic procedures for eating disorders. Screening methods and systematic assessment might be helpful in improving the detection of eating disorders in primary care


Journal of child and adolescent behaviour | 2014

An Adaptation of the Questionnaire for Social Anxiety and Social Competence Deficits (SASKO) for Adolescents and its Evaluation in a German Student Sample

Carolin Fernandez Castelao; Uwe Ruhl; Anna-Lena Janßen; Sabine Kolbeck; Birgit Kröner-Herwig; Isabel Hach

In the diagnostics of social phobia in adults the SASKO self-report questionnaire serves as an instrument that measures social anxiety and social deficits as two separate dimensions. This paper describes the development of an adaptation of the SASKO for adolescents (SASKO-J) and verifies its applicability, factor structure, and psychometric properties. The factor structure and reliability of the SASKO-J were evaluated in an unselected sample of 228 German students from grades 7 to 11 (M = 14.77 years, SD = 1.33; 50% girls). In a second sample of 115 students the validity was examined (M = 15.84, SD = 1.65; 61% girls). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the five-factor structure of the SASKO (two anxiety and two deficit related factors and an additional factor “loneliness”). With the exception of the subscale “information-processing deficits”, the internal consistencies were satisfactory to good (0.77≤α≤0.88). The results regarding convergent and divergent validity were also good. Students from different types of school differed in their levels of social anxiety, girls reported significantly more fear of rejection than boys, and the youngest students had the highest level of symptoms. Future research should address the optimizing of the subscale “information-processing deficits” and should examine the psychometric properties of the SASKO-J in a clinical sample.


Zeitschrift Fur Gerontologie Und Geriatrie | 2004

Psychopharmakaverordnungen an lteren MenschenEin Vergleich zwischen Patienten aus Alten- und Pflegeheimen, ambulant behandelten Pflegefllen und ambulanten Patienten ohne Pflegebedarf

Isabel Hach; Anke Rentsch; Jutta Krappweis; Wilhelm Kirch

Zusammenfassung.Inwieweit Pflegestufe, Geschlecht, Alter und ambulante bzw. Versorgung im Heim Einfluss auf die Psychopharmaka-Verordnungen bei älteren Menschen haben, untersucht die vorliegende Studie. Hierzu wurden Heimpatienten mit ambulant versorgten Patienten (mit und ohne Pflegestufe) verglichen. Es wurden die Daten von 3592 Versicherten der BKK Berlin 1999 hinsichtlich Versicherten-, Rezept-, Arzt- und ggf. Krankenhauscharakteristika in einer Längsschnittstudie retrospektiv ausgewertet. Insgesamt wurden den Heimbewohnern signifikant mehr Psychopharmaka verordnet, insbesondere mehr Neuroleptika (1-Jahres-Prävalenz 40% versus 12,4% und 7,4%). Hingegen erscheint die Qualität der Verordnungen (Verwendung wechselwirkungs- und nebenwirkungsärmerer Stoffgruppen) im Heimbereich höher zu sein. Ambulant verordneten meist Allgemeinmediziner (ca. 45%) und Internisten, im Heimbereich Nervenärzte (ca. 37%). Frauen wurden anteilig häufiger als Männern psychotrop wirksame Substanzen verschrieben. Mit steigender Pflegestufe nahm der Anteil der mit sedierenden Psychopharmaka medizierten Patienten zu. Ambulant wären Verbesserungen vor allem in der Qualität der Verordnungen der psychotropen Medikation wünschenswert, im Heimbereich vor allem in einer Reduzierung der Menge.Summary.To determine, whether age, sex, grade of need of care and living in nursing homes can influence prescribing behavior in elderly. In a retrospective and longitudinal study, the pattern of psychoactive drug prescriptions of nursing home residents was compared with non-institutionalized people with and without need of care. During 1999, the computerized files of 3592 people (> 60 years), insured by a health insurance fund (BKK) in Berlin, Germany, were obtained. Nursing home residents received significantly more prescriptions of psychoactive drugs than the others, especially more neuroleptics (40.1% versus 12.4% and 7.4%). Quality of prescriptions seemed to be higher in nursing homes (use of drugs with fewer side effects and less possible interactions), psychoactive drug prescriptions were given more frequently by psychiatrists and neurologists (37%). Non-institutionalized patients received them most from general practitioners (45%). Women received more prescriptions of psychoactive drugs than male patients. With rising grade of need of care, proportionately more patients received psychoactive drugs. The results of this study show some evidence of the lacking quality in the prescriptions of psychopharmaceuticals to the elderly.


Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde | 2000

Frontalhirnsyndrom und/oder Aufmerksamkeits- und Aktivitätsstörungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter

Isabel Hach; U. Ruhl; U. Knölker

Aufmerksamkeits- und Aktivitätsstörungen mit und ohne Hyperaktivität (im deutschsprachigen Raum Hyperkinetisches Syndrom=HKS) zählen zu den häufigsten kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Krankheitsbildern. Im Rahmen von neurologischen Krankheitsbildern (z. B. nach Schädel-Hirn-Traumen) treten gleichfalls Aufmerksamkeits- und Aktivitätsstörungen auf. Für verschiedene psychiatrisch-neurologische Störungen (Schizophrenie, Parkinson, Hyperkinetisches Syndrom) hat sich schon eine Subtypenbildung hinsichtlich der Spezifität durchgesetzt. Der Begriff „Aufmerksamkeitsstörung” ist aufgrund des gegenwärtigen Forschungsstandes innerhalb der Neuropsychologie und Neurophysiologie als simplifizierend anzusehen.Für die neurologische Rehabilitation ergibt sich sowohl aufgrund der Häufigkeit von HKS als auch aufgrund der erhöhten Unfallneigung von Kindern mit diesem Syndrom die Notwendigkeit einer sorgfältigen Diagnostik. Inwieweit sich hieraus unmittelbare Folgen für die Behandlung, insbesondere mit Methylphenidat ergeben, kann gegenwärtig nur spekulativ anhand eines Fallbeispiels beantwortet werden.


Archive | 2006

Prävention mit Arzneimitteln — Möglichkeiten und Grenzen

Ulf Maywald; Isabel Hach

Krankheitsvorbeugung oder Krankheitsverhutung liegen auch in der Eigenverantwortung des Menschen. Die Primarpravention kann und sollte durch Einhaltung bestimmter Verhaltensregeln, Ernahrungsgewohnheiten usw. vom Patienten eigenstandig erreicht werden. Eine medikamentose Primarpravention darf nur nach genauer Nutzen-Risiko-Abschatzung in Betracht gezogen werden. Wie sinnvoll eine solche Pravention bei bestimmten Indikationen sein kann, aber auch welche Gefahren auf der anderen Seite von einer medikamentosen Pravention ausgehen konnen, beleuchtet der folgende Artikel.

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Wilhelm Kirch

Dresden University of Technology

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Uwe Ruhl

University of Göttingen

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Anke Rentsch

Dresden University of Technology

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Ulf Maywald

Dresden University of Technology

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Dirk Meusel

Dresden University of Technology

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Jutta Krappweis

Dresden University of Technology

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Eni S. Becker

Radboud University Nijmegen

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Veneta Türke

Dresden University of Technology

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Frank Jacobi

Dresden University of Technology

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