Ísis Eloah Machado

Alcohol consumption among Brazilian Adolescents according to the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012).

OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of alcohol consumption among Brazilian students and identify the sociodemographic factors associated alcohol consumption in the last 30 days. METHODS Cross-sectional study with a cluster sample of 109,104 9th grade students in Brazilian public and private schools in 2012. The prevalence and 95% confidence intervals of the indicators of alcohol consumption were analyzed. RESULTS Of the students analyzed, 50.3% (95%CI 49.0 - 51.6) experimented one dose of alcoholic beverages or more. The consumption of alcohol in the last 30 days was 26.1% (95%CI 24.5 - 27.7), and there was no difference in prevalence between students from public and private schools. Drunkenness episodes were reported by 21.8% (95%CI 21.1 - 22.5) of the students. The perception of students about the negative reaction of their family if they came home drunk occurred in 89,7% (95%CI 89,6 - 89,9) of cases, and 10% (95%CI 8.9 - 11.1) of them reported having problems with their families or friends because they had been drinking. Among adolescents aged less than 14 years old, the first alcoholic drink intake was predominantly at 12 to 13 years old. The most common way to get a drink was at parties, with friends, buying in them in supermarkets, stores or bars and at home. The consumption of alcohol in the last 30 days was less frequent among boys, increasing with age. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates the extension of alcohol as a problem, making it important to advance in measures such as the improvement of protective legislation for children and adolescents and stricter enforcement in alcohol sales.

Factors associated with alcohol intake and alcohol abuse among women in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os fatores associados ao consumo de alcool entre mulheres adultas no Municipio de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, baseado em dados do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Protecao para Doencas Cronicas por Inquerito Telefonico no ano de 2011. Considerou-se uso habitual a referencia de ingestao de pelo menos uma dose de bebida alcoolica nos ultimos 30 dias, e abuso a ingestao de quatro ou mais doses em pelo menos uma ocasiao. A regressao logistica polinomial foi utilizada para avaliar os possiveis fatores associados ao uso e abuso de alcool. O uso habitual de alcool foi mais prevalente entre as mulheres na faixa etaria de 24 a 34 anos (p < 0,05), enquanto o abuso esteve associado a age mais jovem, alta escolaridade, classificacao do estado de saude como ruim e tabagismo (p < 0,05). Os resultados apontam a necessidade de politicas intersetoriais de prevencao do consumo abusivo de alcool entre as mulheres, principalmente as jovens, fumantes, escolarizadas e que nao vivem em uniao estavel.The main objective of this cross-sectional study was to analyze factors associated with alcohol consumption among adult women living in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in 2011. Data for Belo Horizonte were obtained from the VIGITEL system (Telephone-Based Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases). Alcohol use was defined as self-reported intake of at least one dose in the previous 30 days; alcohol abuse was defined as four or more doses on at least one occasion during the same period. Polytomous logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with alcohol use and abuse. Alcohol use was more prevalent among women 25 to 34 years of age. Alcohol abuse was associated with age, schooling, health status, and smoking. The results suggest the need for policies to prevent alcohol abuse among women, especially targeting those who are younger, single, smokers, and with more education.

Fatores de risco relacionados à carga global de doença do Brasil e Unidades Federadas, 2015

Objective: To analyze the global burden of disease related to disability adjusted life years (DALYs) attributed to selected risk factors in Brazil and its 27 Federated Units. Methods: Databases from the Global Burden of Disease study in Brazil and its Federated Units were used, estimating the summary exposure value (SEV) for selected environmental, behavioral, and metabolic risk factors (RFs), and their combinations. The DALYs were used as the main metric. The ranking of major RFs between 1990 and 2015 was compiled, comparing data by sex and states. Results: The analyzed RFs account for 38.8% of the loss of DALYs in the country. Dietary risks was the main cause of DALYs in 2015. In men, dietary risks contributed to 12.2% of DALYs and in women, to 11.1%. Other RFs were high systolic blood pressure, high body mass index, smoking, high fasting plasma glucose and, among men, alcohol and drug use. The main RFs were metabolic and behavioral. In most states, dietary risks was the main RF, followed by high blood pressure. Conclusion: Dietary risks leads the RF ranking for Brazil and its Federated Units. Men are more exposed to behavioral risk factors, and women are more exposed to metabolic ones.RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar a carga global de doenca, quanto aos anos de vida ajustados por incapacidade (disability adjusted life years - DALYs) atribuidos a fatores de risco (FRs) selecionados, para Brasil e 27 Unidades Federadas (UFs). Metodos: Foram utilizadas bases de dados do estudo Carga Global de Doenca (Global Burden of Disease - GBD) para Brasil e UFs estimando a sintese de exposicao de risco (summary exposure value - SEV) para FRs selecionados, incluindo os ambientais, comportamentais, metabolicos e suas combinacoes. Os DALYs foram usados como metrica principal do estudo. Construiu-se o ranking dos principais FRs entre 1990 e 2015, com comparacoes por sexo e UF. Resultados: Os FRs analisados explicariam 38,8% da perda de DALYs no pais. A dieta inadequada foi a principal causa de DALYs em 2015. Em homens, a dieta inadequada contribuiu com 12,2% dos DALYs, e, em mulheres, com 11,1% deles. Outros FRs importantes foram: pressao arterial sistolica elevada, indice de massa corporal (IMC) elevado, tabagismo, glicose serica elevada; entre homens, destaca-se o uso de alcool e drogas. Os principais FRs foram metabolicos e comportamentais. Na maioria das UFs, predominou a dieta inadequada, seguida da pressao arterial elevada. Conclusao: A dieta inadequada lidera o ranking de FRs para Brasil e UF. Os homens estao mais expostos aos FRs comportamentais, e as mulheres, aos metabolicos.

Fatores associados ao excesso de peso em adultos usuários de restaurantes populares em Belo Horizonte, Brasil

O objetivo deste artigo e avaliar o estado nutricional dos usuarios dos restaurantes e refeitorio populares de Belo Horizonte e identificar fatores associados ao excesso de peso. Estudo analitico transversal, conduzido em adultos de ambos os sexos, nos restaurantes e refeitorio populares de Belo Horizonte. O excesso de peso, variavel dependente, foi diagnosticado por meio do indice de massa corporal (IMC > 25 kg/m2) e correlacionado com as variaveis sociodemograficas e nivel de atividade fisica. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da afericao direta do peso e da altura e de questionario semiestruturado. Participaram do estudo 1334 individuos, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino. A prevalencia de excesso de peso foi de 42,9% entre os homens e 45,8% entre as mulheres. Os fatores positivamente associados ao excesso de peso foram: maior idade para ambos os sexos, possuir parceiro para as mulheres e menor pratica de atividade fisica e classe socioeconomica mais elevada para os homens. A identificacao dos fatores associados ao excesso de peso revela a necessidade da implantacao de uma programacao sistematica e eficaz de educacao alimentar e nutricional para a prevencao e a remediacao desse agravo, para que os restaurantes populares cumpram seu objetivo.

Saúde cardiovascular em população residente nas capitais brasileiras

Resume Objective: to estimate the prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health indicators in the Brazilian population, according to gender, age, education and region of residence. Method: cross-sectional study that used data from 41,134 participants of the Surveillance System of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel). The ideal cardiovascular health assessment considers four behavioral factors: not smoking; body mass index less than 25 kg/m2; practicing physical activity, eating fruits and vegetables five or more times per day; and two clinical factors (no diagnosis of diabetes or hypertension). The sum of factors at ideal levels results in a score ranging from zero (worse cardiovascular health) to six (ideal cardiovascular health). Results: considering the six factors, only 3.4% of the studied population presented ideal levels of cardiovascular health, with the majority of participants (57.6%) presenting three or four ideal factors. Women had higher prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health (3.8% versus 2.9% for men) (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: the findings of this study are consistent with the elevated risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease, observed in the Brazilian population. This may contribute to a better understanding of the scenario of cardiovascular health in the urban population of the country.Objetivo: estimar a prevalencia das metricas de saude cardiovascular ideal em nivel populacional, segundo sexo, idade, escolaridade e regiao de moradia. Metodo: estudo transversal que utilizou dados de 41.134 participantes do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Protecao para Doencas Cronicas por Inquerito Telefonico. A avaliacao da saude cardiovascular ideal considerou quatro fatores comportamentais: nao fumar; apresentar indice de massa corporal menor do que 25 kg/m2; realizar atividade fisica; consumir frutas e hortalicas cinco ou mais vezes por dia, e dois fatores clinicos: nao referir diagnostico de diabetes e de hipertensao arterial. A soma dos fatores resultou em um escore que variou de zero (pior saude cardiovascular) a seis (saude cardiovascular ideal) fatores em niveis ideais. Resultados: considerando os seis fatores, somente 3,4% da populacao estudada apresentou niveis ideais de saude cardiovascular e a maioria dos participantes (57,6%) apresentou tres ou quatro fatores ideais. As mulheres apresentaram maior prevalencia de saude cardiovascular ideal (3,8% vs. 2,9% dos homens) (p < 0,0001). Conclusao: os achados deste estudo sao condizentes com o elevado risco de mortalidade por doencas cardiovasculares, observado para a populacao brasileira, e podem contribuir para a melhor compreensao do cenario da saude cardiovascular na populacao urbana do pais.

Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2013: relação entre uso de álcool e características sociodemográficas segundo o sexo no Brasil

OBJECTIVE To analyze sociodemographic factors associated with alcohol use according to gender in Brazil. METHODS Cross-sectional study using data from 2013 Brazilian Health Survey about 60,202 adults. We analyzed recent alcohol use and heavy episodic drinking in the 30 days prior to the research stratified by gender. The covariates were: age, educational level, skin color, marital status, and place of residence. RESULTS The prevalence of recent alcohol use was 26.5%. In women, the prevalence was 14.4%; in men, 38.1%. In women, recent alcohol use was associated with younger age, higher educational level, being single or separated/divorced, and living in urban areas. In men, there was association with white skin color in addition to these factors. Among adults who used alcohol, 51.5% reported heavy episodic drinking - in women, this proportion was 43.4%; in men, 55.0%. In women, heavy episodic drinking was associated with younger age, being single or separated/divorced and living in urban areas; white skin color and higher educational level had negative association with this pattern. In men, heavy episodic drinking was directly associated with younger age and being single or divorced and inversely to white skin color; there was no significant relation with education and place of residence. CONCLUSION We observed that men consume more alcohol than women. There is a convergence of alcohol consumption, including heavy episodic drinking, between men and women who are younger, single and divorced, and residents of urban areas. Skin color, educational level, and place of residence showed variations in the models by sex.

Factores asociados al consumo y abuso de alcohol entre mujeres en Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os fatores associados ao consumo de alcool entre mulheres adultas no Municipio de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, baseado em dados do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Protecao para Doencas Cronicas por Inquerito Telefonico no ano de 2011. Considerou-se uso habitual a referencia de ingestao de pelo menos uma dose de bebida alcoolica nos ultimos 30 dias, e abuso a ingestao de quatro ou mais doses em pelo menos uma ocasiao. A regressao logistica polinomial foi utilizada para avaliar os possiveis fatores associados ao uso e abuso de alcool. O uso habitual de alcool foi mais prevalente entre as mulheres na faixa etaria de 24 a 34 anos (p < 0,05), enquanto o abuso esteve associado a age mais jovem, alta escolaridade, classificacao do estado de saude como ruim e tabagismo (p < 0,05). Os resultados apontam a necessidade de politicas intersetoriais de prevencao do consumo abusivo de alcool entre as mulheres, principalmente as jovens, fumantes, escolarizadas e que nao vivem em uniao estavel.The main objective of this cross-sectional study was to analyze factors associated with alcohol consumption among adult women living in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in 2011. Data for Belo Horizonte were obtained from the VIGITEL system (Telephone-Based Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases). Alcohol use was defined as self-reported intake of at least one dose in the previous 30 days; alcohol abuse was defined as four or more doses on at least one occasion during the same period. Polytomous logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with alcohol use and abuse. Alcohol use was more prevalent among women 25 to 34 years of age. Alcohol abuse was associated with age, schooling, health status, and smoking. The results suggest the need for policies to prevent alcohol abuse among women, especially targeting those who are younger, single, smokers, and with more education.

Fatores associados ao uso e abuso de álcool entre mulheres em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os fatores associados ao consumo de alcool entre mulheres adultas no Municipio de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, baseado em dados do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Protecao para Doencas Cronicas por Inquerito Telefonico no ano de 2011. Considerou-se uso habitual a referencia de ingestao de pelo menos uma dose de bebida alcoolica nos ultimos 30 dias, e abuso a ingestao de quatro ou mais doses em pelo menos uma ocasiao. A regressao logistica polinomial foi utilizada para avaliar os possiveis fatores associados ao uso e abuso de alcool. O uso habitual de alcool foi mais prevalente entre as mulheres na faixa etaria de 24 a 34 anos (p < 0,05), enquanto o abuso esteve associado a age mais jovem, alta escolaridade, classificacao do estado de saude como ruim e tabagismo (p < 0,05). Os resultados apontam a necessidade de politicas intersetoriais de prevencao do consumo abusivo de alcool entre as mulheres, principalmente as jovens, fumantes, escolarizadas e que nao vivem em uniao estavel.The main objective of this cross-sectional study was to analyze factors associated with alcohol consumption among adult women living in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in 2011. Data for Belo Horizonte were obtained from the VIGITEL system (Telephone-Based Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases). Alcohol use was defined as self-reported intake of at least one dose in the previous 30 days; alcohol abuse was defined as four or more doses on at least one occasion during the same period. Polytomous logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with alcohol use and abuse. Alcohol use was more prevalent among women 25 to 34 years of age. Alcohol abuse was associated with age, schooling, health status, and smoking. The results suggest the need for policies to prevent alcohol abuse among women, especially targeting those who are younger, single, smokers, and with more education.