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Dive into the research topics where Ismael Gallardo is active.

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Featured researches published by Ismael Gallardo.


Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin | 2007

The Effect of Self-Affirmation in Nonthreatening Persuasion Domains: Timing Affects the Process

Pablo Briñol; Richard E. Petty; Ismael Gallardo; Kenneth G. DeMarree

Most research on self-affirmation and persuasion has argued that self-affirmation buffers the self against the threat posed by a persuasive message; thus, it increases the likelihood that participants will respond to the message favorably. Little research, in contrast, has looked at the effects of self-affirmation on persuasive messages that are not threatening to the self. This research examines mechanisms that can operate under these conditions. Consistent with the idea that self-affirmation affects confidence, the article shows that self-affirmation can decrease information processing when induced prior to message reception (Experiment 1) and can increase the use of self-generated thoughts in response to a persuasive message when induced after message reception (Experiment 2). In addition, Experiment 3 manipulates the timing of self-affirmation to replicate both effects and Experiment 4 provides direct evidence for the impact of self-affirmation on confidence.


Revista De Psicologia Social | 2009

El efecto del estrés sobre el procesamiento de mensajes persuasivos

Jesús de Miguel; Ismael Gallardo; Javier Horcajo; Alberto Becerra; Pilar Aguilar; Y Pablo Briñol

Resumen En el presente trabajo se aborda el estudio del estrés organizational desde el Modelo de Demandas—Control (MDC), sus efectos sobre el procesamiento de la información y las consecuencias derivadas del mismo para el cambio de actitudes. Se llevó a cabo un experimento en el que se simularon las condiciones que dan lugar a estrés positivo o negativo de acuerdo con el MDC. En concreto, los participantes dispusieron de mucho (estrés positivo) o poco (estrés negativo) control para afrontar las exigentes demandas de su organización. Tras recibir esta manipulación, los participantes fueron expuestos a una propuesta de cambio organizacional compuesta por argumentos fuertes o débiles y se evaluaron sus actitudes hacia la propuesta de cambio. El estrés negativo (alta demanda y bajo control) influyó sobre el impacto persuasivo de la propuesta reduciendo el procesamiento de la información y, por tanto, la posibilidad de discriminar entre argumentos fuertes y débiles. Por su parte, el estrés positivo (alta demanda y alto control) potenció el efecto de la calidad de los argumentos induciendo actitudes más favorables cuando la propuesta se componía de argumentos fuertes que cuando contenía argumentos débiles. Se discuten las implicaciones para proyectos de cambio organizacional.


Salud & Sociedad: investigaciones en psicologia de la salud y psicologia social | 2012

Sesgos cognitivos y su relación con el bienestar subjetivo

Daniela Concha; María Ángeles Bilbao; Ismael Gallardo; Darío Páez; Andrés Fresno

Algunos enfoques en psicologia plantean que el bienestar de las personas se asocia a una vision correcta y cercana de la realidad social. Sin embargo, gran cantidad de estudios han mostrado de manera consistente que para proteger la imagen que poseen de si mismas, las personas tienden a analizar la informacion social de forma tendenciosa (sesgada). Dada esta aparente contradiccion, en el presente trabajo se relacionaron una serie de medidas de estos sesgos cognitivos entre si, junto con otras de bienestar subjetivo. Los resultados indican la existencia de una serie de relaciones significativas entre los diferentes sesgos, asi como con medidas de bienestar, observandose que, por un lado, las personas sesgan de diferentes formas la informacion social y, por otro, que esta forma de pensamiento se relaciona con una mayor felicidad personal. Se discuten las implicancias de estos resultados tanto para la teoria como para la practica en psicologia.Some approaches in psychology suggest that well-being is linked to a correct and accurate view of social reality. However, many studies have consistently shown that, in order to protect their positive image of themselves, people tend to analyze social information in a biased manner. Given this apparent contradiction, the present study examined the relationship between a series of measures associated with these cognitive biases and subjective well-being. The results indicated significant correlations between different cognitive biases and well-being measures. These results demonstrate that people bias social information in different ways, and that this type of thinking is associated with increased personal happiness. Implications of these results for both theory and practice in psychology are discussed.


Acta Colombiana de Psicología | 2016

EVALUACIÓN DE UN MODELO DE CALIDAD DE VIDA CONSTRUIDO DESDE LOS DATOS

Natalia Cancino; Catalina González González; Ismael Gallardo; Claudia Estrada

Quality of Life (QL) is a concept used by different disciplines. However, there is a variety of definitions of QL, which might lead to theoretical and applied problems. The present work argues that a way to attend to this problem is by assessing a model of quality of life that arises from the simultaneous application of instruments traditionally associated with this construct. To evaluate this idea, several factorial analysis were conducted in order to identify a common factor, and specific dimensions in case it was needed. The first study (n=550) measured objective and subjective aspects related to QL. The resulting data generated a model with six first order factors and one second order dimension, with appropriate indicators of reliability and validity. This model is based on variables related to the subjective aspects of QL. A second study (n=304) indicates that the aforementioned structure shows good psychometric indicators, even in comparison with other models that include complementary dimensions. Results are discussed in terms of their contribution to research in quality of life, the conceptual definition of the construct and its effect on social intervention.


Salud & Sociedad: investigaciones en psicologia de la salud y psicologia social | 2013

Creencias paranormales en una muestra de estudiantes de psicología de universidades chilenas

Manuel Cárdenas; Ismael Gallardo; Romina Adaos; Joaquin Bahamondes

Se presenta una revision sobre las creencias en lo paranormal de una muestra de estudiantes de psicologia (n = 360) pertenecientes a diversas universidades Estatales y Privadas (tradicionales y no tradicionales). La psicologia durante decadas ha luchado por el reconocimiento de su estatuto cientifico, lo que en principio se opondria a la creencia en la magia y otras formas de supersticion, asi como un firme compromiso con la evidencia empirica y la racionalidad argumentativa. Este estudio revela como una proporcion importante de los estudiantes mantiene creencias supersticiosas o tiene dudas sobre la ocurrencia de dichos fenomenos. El estudio de estas creencias es de suma relevancia pues podria llegar a tener efectos sobre las practicas clinicas y la calidad de las prestaciones que reciben las personas. ABSTRACT This paper presents a review of the beliefs held by students regarding the paranormal. The participants were psychology students (n = 360) from public (traditional) and private (non-traditional/for profit) universities. In principle, psychology opposes belief in magic and other forms of superstition and is instead committed to empirical evidence and rational argument. Psychology has therefore struggled for decades with the question of the scientific status of the paranormal. This study demonstrates that a significant proportion of students hold superstitious beliefs or have doubts about the occurrence of such phenomena. Study of these beliefs is of the utmost importance, as it could affect both clinical practice and the quality of care people receive.


Revista De Psicologia Social | 2012

El efecto de la información normativa sobre la conducta peatonal

Ismael Gallardo

Resumen El comportamiento peatonal inseguro es una de las causales de muerte no natural más importantes en el mundo. En este trabajo se plantea que una explicación para este problema es que en un contexto de este tipo existe información normativa prescriptiva (deber hacer) y descriptiva (lo que las personas hacen), que es incompatible una de otra. Basado en la teoría focal de la conducta normativa (Cialdini, Reno y Kallgren, 1990), se realizó un experimento en donde los participantes debían describir el trayecto que realizarían para ir de un punto a otro de una acera trazando una línea. Se les entregó una fotografía que fue editada para que cada participante realizara esta tarea sólo ante información prescriptiva o descriptiva, en ausencia de ambas o en presencia de ambas. Los resultados mostraron que sólo la presencia de información prescriptiva llevó a una proporción mayor de trazos seguros, mientras que la presencia simultánea de ambas normas llevó a trazos más inseguros, no existiendo diferencias con el resto de las condiciones. Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas de estos resultados.


Estudios pedagógicos (Valdivia) | 2011

Measuring quality in higher education: analysis of reliability and validity of an undergraduate quality certification scale-student version

Ismael Gallardo; Juan Sánchez; Marcelo Leiva

This research presents data on the reliability and validity of construct (through structural model equations) of the CNA certification scale of educational quality in its student version. The results of two applications show that the instrument has acceptable reliability and that a theoretical model with related dimensions has a better fit of the data in both applications. The values of reliability and validity improve by making a data reduction based on statistical criteria, an improvement that is replicated at both times of measurement. We discuss the implications of these results for measuring the quality of education and provide some reflections and recommendations for future studies.


Estudios pedagógicos (Valdivia) | 2011

Medindo qualidade na educação auperior: análise de confiabilidade e legitimidade de uma pesquisa de certificado de qualidade da licenciatura, versão estudantes

Ismael Gallardo; Juan Sánchez; Marcelo Leiva

This research presents data on the reliability and validity of construct (through structural model equations) of the CNA certification scale of educational quality in its student version. The results of two applications show that the instrument has acceptable reliability and that a theoretical model with related dimensions has a better fit of the data in both applications. The values of reliability and validity improve by making a data reduction based on statistical criteria, an improvement that is replicated at both times of measurement. We discuss the implications of these results for measuring the quality of education and provide some reflections and recommendations for future studies.


Estudios pedagógicos (Valdivia) | 2011

Midiendo calidad en educación superior: análisis de confiabilidad y validez de una encuesta de certificación de calidad del pregrado, versión estudiantes

Ismael Gallardo; Juan Sánchez; Marcelo Leiva

This research presents data on the reliability and validity of construct (through structural model equations) of the CNA certification scale of educational quality in its student version. The results of two applications show that the instrument has acceptable reliability and that a theoretical model with related dimensions has a better fit of the data in both applications. The values of reliability and validity improve by making a data reduction based on statistical criteria, an improvement that is replicated at both times of measurement. We discuss the implications of these results for measuring the quality of education and provide some reflections and recommendations for future studies.


Psicothema | 2004

El efecto de la ambivalencia evaluativa sobre el cambio de actitudes

Pablo Briñol; Javier Horcajo; Luis de la Corte; Carmen Valle; Ismael Gallardo; Darío Díaz

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Javier Horcajo

Autonomous University of Madrid

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Pablo Briñol

Autonomous University of Madrid

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Alberto Becerra

Autonomous University of Madrid

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Darío Páez

University of the Basque Country

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