Ismail Bennis

Carrier sense aware multipath geographic routing protocol

Over the last few years, wireless sensor networks have become a great field of interest for the scientific community. This novel kind of network provides an array of applications for different aspects of human life. To give a satisfying performance to the final user, the wireless sensor networks must ensure the quality of service. The use of multipath technique was widely applied in the literature. Nevertheless, there might be a problem if the interference issues are not taken into account by the multipath routing design. In this paper, we propose a novel multipath routing protocol called Carrier Sense Aware Multipath Geographic Routing protocol CSA-MGR. This protocol creates multiple paths while avoiding any shared carrier sense range by using a distributed and dynamic process. In addition, the CSA-MGR employs a new metrics named the Number of Common Neighbors to guarantee a faster and an efficient path construction. Simulations conducted over the NS-2 simulator show promising results in terms of delay, Packet Delivery Ratio and routing overhead. The performance gain of CSA-MGR in terms of delay is up to 275% compared with the Two-Phase geographical Greedy Forwarding and up to 565% compared with the ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector. For the Packet Delivery Ratio, the performance gain of CSA-MGR is up to 16% compared with the Two-Phase geographic Greedy Forwarding and up to 28% compared with the ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector. Copyright

An evaluation of the TPGF protocol implementation over NS-2

Wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) is one of the hotest topic nowadays which attracts more and more researchers as being an interdisciplinary research interest. Its cost decreases continuously due to advances in micro-electromechanical systems, and the proliferation and progression of wireless communications. However, the transmission of multimedia information must satisfy QoS criteria which increases energy consumption. This issue should be taken into consideration in the protocol design for WMSNs. In this paper, we propose an implementation and an evaluation of the TPGF routing protocol (Two Phase geographical Greedy Forwarding) over the network simulator NS2. The TPGF module over NS-2 is available for the research community. In this evaluation, we compare the TPGF performances with two other protocols: the well known AODV protocol and the EA-TPGF protocol (our previous work on an extension of the TPGF protocol which takes into account the remaining energy of nodes during the process of path identification). The performance metrics measured to evaluate the QoS of each protocol are: delay, PDR, remaining energy of each node at the end of the communication and the standard deviation of remaining energy. Simulations show promising results in terms of network life extension when TPGF is used.

Low energy geographical routing protocol for wireless multimedia sensor networks

The field of wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSN) is attracting more and more research community as an interdisciplinary field of interest. This type of network is low-cost, multifunctional due to advances in micro-electromechanical systems, and the proliferation and progression of wireless communications. However transmit multimedia information captured must satisfy the criteria of QoS , which increases energy consumption, fact that should be taken into consideration in the design of any routing protocols for WMSNs. In this paper we present routing protocol which we call an Energy Aware TPGF (EA-TPGF), that improves the Two Phase geographical Greedy Forwarding (TPGF). The basic idea is to take into account the residual energy of the nodes in the identification of pathways. Simulations and statistics produced by the simulator NeTtopo showing a significant contribution with regard to the extension of the life of the network.

A Realistic Multipath Routing for Ad Hoc Networks

Nowadays, a recent trend has emerged in the Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) field. This trend consists of ensuring the best Quality of Experience (QoE) while transferring the multimedia content, as well as keeping an acceptable Quality of Service (QoS) concerning the scalar data transmission. However, ensuring this request needs more flexible and robust protocols at different communication layers. Especially, the network layer must provide an efficient routing protocol with awareness of the interference phenomenon and the carrier sense range effect. In this paper we provide analysis of the carrier sense range effect on multimedia communication in the WMSNs. Therefore, we present a realistic solution at the routing layer to enhance the QoS/QoE while avoiding any type of multipath coupling effect. Our solution differs from the existing approaches that handle the problem at the MAC layer. Simulations conducted over the NS-2 simulator show promising results in terms of delay, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and QoE.

Drip irrigation system using Wireless Sensor Networks

Nowadays, adopting an optimized irrigation system has become a necessity due to the lack of the world water resource. Moreover, many researchers have treated this issue to improve the irrigation system by coupling the novel technologies from the information and communication field with the agricultural practices. The Wireless Sensor and Actuators Networks (WSANs) present a great example of this fusion. In this paper, we present a model architecture for a drip irrigation system using the WSANs. Our model includes the soil moisture, temperature and pressure sensors to monitor the irrigation operations. Specifically, we take into account the case where a system malfunction occurs, as when the pipes burst or the emitters block. Also, we differentiate two main traffic levels for the information transmitted by the WSAN, and we use an adequate priority-based routing protocol to achieve high QoS performance. Simulations conducted over the NS-2 simulator show promising results in terms of delay and Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), mainly for the priority traffic.

Carrier sense range effect on multipath routing performances in Wireless Sensor Networks

In the recent years, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become a great field of interest for scientific community. This kind of network provides a panoply of applications in different areas of human life. However WSNs must ensure the quality of service (QoS) to give the requested performance for the final user. Among different issues presented in the literature to provide high QoS, multipath routing is commonly used. But such a solution could be not enough efficient if the multipath routing design does not consider the phenomena of interference. Indeed the constructed paths can have an interference zone, mainly a shared carrier sense range. In this paper we show by analytical and experimental results, that using multipath routing can never overshoot the performance of single path when the interferences are not taken into account. Also, we show how the carrier sense range can influence the network performance.

Enhanced AntNet Protocol for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

The field of wireless multimedia sensor networks WMSN attracts more and more the research community as being an interdisciplinary field of interest. This type of network becomes a low cost, multifunctional due to advances in micro-electromechanical systems, as well as proliferation and progression of wireless communications. However, transmitting collected multimedia information must meet the QoS criteria such as delay, bandwidth, packet loss rate, etc. Many routing protocols have been developed for WMSN. Recently, the most known ones are based on meta-heuristic, that show desirable properties of being adaptive, scalable, and robust. This paper presents a new routing protocol for WMSNs based on AntNet protocol which is inspired by the stigmergy-driven shortest path following behavior of biological ants. Our aims in this work is to provide as well as possible the best QoS in terms of delay and Packet Delivery RatioPDR. The results of simulations compared to the AODV show that our work has better delay and PDR.

Efficient queuing scheme through cross-layer approach for multimedia transmission over WSNs

Abstract Nowadays, multimedia contents are widely used for various applications to ensure personal and public services. These contents are transferred through different kind of networks, from classical Adhoc networks to the recent Internet of Things (IoT). However, regardless the deployed network, the main goal remains the same: ensuring a better QoE and lower latency especially for emergency traffic. This domain attracts many research activities. In this paper, we tackle this challenging issue and we propose a cross-layer scheme to handle video streaming over wireless sensor networks. Our starting point is to provide a carrier sense aware disjoint multi-path routing protocol able to transmit efficiently video and regular data from many sources to a unique base station (BS). This protocol will cooperate with the application layer in order to provide a frame-aware solution to assign high priority to the most important frames and low priority for the least important ones. This priority concerns mainly the path that will be used by the frames and the queuing policy that will be applied. Our queuing policy involves enqueuing, dequeuing and congestion solving function in order to reduce video latency and enhance the reliability. Our scheme is explained through a theoretical study with illustrative examples. Many simulations have been conducted, they demonstrate improvements of some performance indicators such as packet data rate, delay, loss packet rate and user experience.

Link-gain based power control mechanism for Wireless Sensor Networks

Recently, the topology control strategies attract more and more the research community as being a crucial issue to be handled for the Wireless sensors networks (WSNs). In this paper, we propose a centralized power control mechanism based on the link gain information to reduce network energy consumption. Our mechanism works through two steps, first we construct a skeleton that ensure network connectivity while reducing considerably the number of links in the network. Second, based on the obtained skeleton, we reduce the power transmission for each node while keeping a connectivity with a node of the skeleton with a link gain greater than a predefined threshold. The simulation results conducted over TOSSIM, show that our proposal can save the network energy up to 10% while achieving better PDR value, which goes near to 12% compared to non-optimized network.

A cross-layer scheme for multimedia transfer over AdHoc networks

Multimedia transfer in ad-hoc wireless networks is a challenging issue and attracts many researchers. In this paper, we propose a cross layer scheme to handle video transfer. Our staring point is to provide a multipath forwarding protocol able to transmit efficiently video streams and regular data from many sources to a unique base station (BS). This protocol will have a close cooperation with the application layer in order to consider with care different video frames and to assign high priority to the most important frames and lower priority for the least important ones. In the meantime, many paths could be selected, our aim is to guarantee independence between paths in terms of interference in order to be able to use more than one path in the same time. Experimental analysis has been undertaken, they show improvements of some performance indicators such as packet data rate, delay, loss packet rate and user experience feedback.