Israil Pendrak

Antagonism of oestrogen action in human breast and endometrial cells in vitro: potential novel antitumour agents

Abstract. Purpose: There is a need to find novel oestrogen receptor (ER) ligands that antagonize oestrogen action in the reproductive tissues and would therefore have therapeutic potential in oestrogen-dependent tumours. We tested novel ER ligands in both breast and endometrial cells to profile agonism/antagonism in these oestrogen target reproductive tissues. Methods: Novel analogues of the ER antagonist ICI 182,780 were synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit gene expression dependent on oestrogen response elements (ERE) in human breast (MCF-7) and endometrial (Ishikawa) cell lines. This activity was correlated with inhibition of oestrogen-induced cell proliferation and ER binding. Results: The sulphide analogue (compound 1) and sulphone analogue (compound 2) had no intrinsic ERE-dependent agonism in either breast cancer or endometrial cells in culture. All three compounds dose-dependently inhibited ERE-mediated oestrogen agonism. Moreover, these ER ligands inhibited oestrogen-stimulated proliferation of breast cancer and endometrial cells. ICI 182,780, compound 1 and compound 2 were all able to bind both isoforms of the ER (ERα and ERβ). In endometrial cells, the relative binding to ERβ correlated with the ERE-dependent antioestrogenic effect of these ligands, suggesting that in this tissue this receptor is the predominant isoform that determines antioestrogenic activity. Conclusions: The ability of these analogues of ICI 182,780 to inhibit oestrogen-stimulated transcriptional activity and cell proliferation suggests that these agents, in particular the sulphone analogue, have therapeutic potential in the treatment of breast cancer without exhibiting the unwanted oestrogenic effects in the endometrium.

Synthesis of cystamidin a (pyrrole-3-propanamide), a reported calpain inhibitor

Abstract The reported calpain inhibitor cystamidin A ( 1a , pyrrole-3-propanamide) and a regioisomer, pyrrole-2-propanamide ( 1b ) have been synthesized from the corresponding pyrrolecarboxaldehydes. The previously assigned structure of cystamidin A is confirmed. However, neither synthetic cystamidin A nor regioisomer 1b inhibits recombinant human calpain I.