Itabaraci Nazareno Cavalcante

Águas subterrâneas em Rondônia: análise estatística de dados hidroquímicos, organolépticos e bacteriológicos

In order to improve the ongoing process of managing groundwaters in the State of Rondonia we collected the results of 384 physical-chemical and / or bacteriological analyses of wells on file in the 2nd Socio-Economic and Ecological Zonation of the State of Rondonia, Brazil - ZSEE / RO, submitted by localities. We then treated and reorganized these data according to hydrographic basins using spreadsheets. We sought to characterize the quality of groundwater in major watersheds of the state of Rondonia by considering physical (color, pH and turbidity), chemical (chloride, total iron, sulfate, oxygen consumption, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, total solids, nitrogen as nitrite, nitrogen as nitrate, free carbon dioxide and HCO3 alkalinity) and bacteriological (standard bacterial counts of most probable number of coliform bacteria, most probable number of fecal coliform bacterial, most probable number of colonies - membrane filter method) properties. In order to test the adjustment of the data obtained to a normal distribution, we used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov method, modified by Lilliefors. The study revealed that the groundwater analyzed had good physical-organoleptic properties; the basins of the Madeira and of the Machado rivers showed the greatest changes in pH values, chloride and nitrate, indicative of a loss of quality of groundwater resources depending on population density. The Abunan river basin revealed the highest risk of fecal contamination, with water samples generally showing results that exceeded the bacteriological standards, thus requiring treatment by chlorination or boiling and filtration before human consumption.

Caracterização da Qualidade de Águas Superficiais em Rondônia

In order to contribute and improve the process of water management in progress in Rondonia, the results of physico-chemical and bacteriological waters from rivers, samples collected at 64 points, on file with the second Socioeconomic-Ecological of the Rondonia State - 2nd ZSEE / RO, presented by river or creek and municipality, were treated and rearranged by basin, through the use of spreadsheet “Excelg and Statistica software. It sought to characterize the quality of surface water in major river basins in the State of Rondonia, considering physical and organoleptic properties, chemical and bacteriological. It has also been made and assessing the potability of water quality index - IQA. With the analyzes were obtained descriptive information, and to test the fit of the data to the normal distribution, it used the method of Shapiro-Wilk. The study concluded that surface water generally analyzed exceeded the bacteriological standards of potability, requiring treatment by chlorination or boiling and filtration prior to human consumption.

Vulnerabilidade natural e perigo de contaminação do Sistema Aquífero Dunas na região norte do Município de Aquiraz, Ceará

This paper examines the natural vulnerability and contamination hazard of the Dunas Aquifer System in the northern region of the municipality of Aquiraz (CE), using the GOD (G - groundwater hydraulic confinement, O - overlying strata/lithology, D - depth to water table) method and taking into account potential contamination by the in situ sanitation system, which uses pits as a means of depositing domestic effluents. Geological and hydrogeological data were analyzed from tubular wells obtained through the SIAGAS database and during the field work. The Dunas Aquifer System in the study area consists of eolian sands and presents static levels between 2.0 and 61.0 m depth, with a predominance of values less than 20.0 m. The GOD vulnerability varied from medium to high, with average vulnerability in most of the area (76%). The potential contamination by the anthropic activities in the area was estimated by means of the analysis of the density of cesspools, given that these static systems have a high contamination potential because of the constant application of contaminant load in the subsoil. Assessment of the contamination hazard of the Dunas Aquifer System was based on the comparison of the natural conditions and the anthropic activities. It was found that the areas with the highest risk of contamination are those with the highest density of cesspools, associated with the highest GOD vulnerability indexes. These results will be useful for managment of groundwater resources in the region.