Ivaldo Esteves Junior

Peptídeo relacionado ao gene da calcitonina por iontoforese na viabilidade de retalho cutâneo randômico em ratos

Purpose: Assess the effect of the local administration of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) by iontophoresis on the viability of random skin flap in rats. Methods: Sixty Wistar-EPM 1 rats were submitted to dorsal skin flap of cranial base 10 x 4 cm with interposition of a plastic barrier between the skin flap and the donnor site. The animals were randomly distributed in four groups (n = 15 in each group) and were treated as follows: in group 1 (control), animals were submitted to a simulation of electrical current for 20 minutes; group 2, (iontophoresis placebo) animals were submitted to direct current of 4mA amplitude for 20 minutes; group 3 (absorption control) receive simulation of electrical current for 20 minutes with CGRP on one of the electrodes; group 4 (iontophoretically treated) treated by iontophoresis with CGRP. In all groups the procedures were performed immediately after the surgery and the two subsequent days. Results: The percentage of the necrosis area was calculated in all groups on the seventh postoperative day and results were as follows: group 1- 48%; group 2 - 51%; group 3 - 46% and group 4 - 28%. The statistical analysis presented significant difference when the comparison of group 4 to the other groups. Conclusion: The topical administration of the CGRP by iontophoresis is efficient to increase the viability of the random skin flap random in rats.

Histamine iontophoresis on the viability of random skin flap in rats

PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of the histamine iontophoresis on the random skin flap viability in rats. METHODS Sixty adult male Wistar rats were used. A cranially-based dorsal skin flap measuring 10 x 4 cm was raised and a plastic barrier was placed between the flap and its bed. After the surgical procedure, the animals were randomized into four groups (G1-G4) (n=15 each group) as follows: G1 (control)--sham electrical stimulation, G2 (electrical stimulation)--direct current electrical stimulation, G3 (histamine)--histamine and sham electrical stimulation, and G4 (histamine iontophoresis)--transdermal iontophoresis of histamine. In all groups the procedures were performed immediately after the surgery and on the two subsequent days. The percentage of flap necrosis was measured on the seventh postoperative day. RESULTS The mean and the respective standard deviation of the percentage of flap necrosis areas were as follows: G1 (control) - 47.87 +/- 9.13%, G2 - 51.49 +/- 8.19%, G3 - 46.33 +/- 8.32% and G4 - 30.82 +/- 11.25%. The G4 group presented a significantly smaller amount of flap necrosis when compared to the other groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION The topical administration of the histamine by iontophoresis was effective to increase the viability of the random skin flaps in rats.

Magnesium sulphate given topically by iontophoresis for viability of random skin flaps in rats

Our aim was to assess the effects of magnesium sulphate given by iontophoresis on the viability of random skin flaps in rats. Endovenous magnesium sulphate is used to treat pre-eclampsia and diseases of blood vessels. Iontophoresis is an electrotherapeutic method which has shown satisfactory results in controlling ischaemia within the boundaries of the area in which it was given. Forty-five adult male Wistar rats, weighing 300 to 440 g were randomly divided into three groups of 15 animals each: random skin flap (control); random skin flap treated with magnesium sulphate without electrical stimulation; and random skin flap treated with magnesium sulphate with electrical stimulation of 4 mA for 20 minutes. The treatments were applied immediately after the operation and repeated on the following two days. The percentage of necrotic area was measured on the seventh postoperative day using a paper template. For each group, the mean percentage of flap necrosis was as follows: control, 46%; magnesium sulphate without electrical stimulation, 34%; and magnesium sulphate with electrical stimulation, 42%. There was no significant difference among the groups (p=0.18). Magnesium sulphate given by iontophoresis does not increase the viability of random skin flaps in rats.

Inhibitory effects of low-level laser therapy on skin-flap survival in a rat model

BACKGROUND Although several studies have demonstrated the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on skin flap viability, the role of higher doses has been poorly investigated. OBJECTIVE To investigate the inhibitory effect of the LLLT (λ=670 nm) on the viability of random skin flaps in a rat model using an irradiation energy of 2.79 J at each point. METHODS Sixteen Wistar rats were randomly assigned into two groups: sham laser irradiation (n=8); and active laser irradiation (n=8). Animals in the active laser irradiation group were irradiated with a 670 nm diode laser with an energy of 2.79 J/point, a power output 30 mW, a beam area of 0.028 cm(2), an energy density of 100 J/cm(2), an irradiance of 1.07 W/cm(2) for 93 s/point. Irradiation was performed in 12 points in the cranial skin flap portion. The total energy irradiated on the tissue was 33.48 J. The necrotic area was evaluated on postoperative day 7. RESULTS The sham laser irradiation group presented a mean (± SD) necrotic area of 47.96±3.81%, whereas the active laser irradiation group presented 62.24±7.28%. There was a significant difference in skin-flap necrosis areas between groups (P=0.0002). CONCLUSION LLLT (λ=670 nm) increased the necrotic area of random skin flaps in rats when irradiated with an energy of 2.79 J (100 J/cm(2)).

Conhecimento e envolvimento de graduandos em fisioterapia acerca dos preceitos éticos da experimentação animal

Knowledge and involvement on ethical principles of animal experimentation in undergraduate physiotherapy This article analyzes a sample of university students from the Physiotherapy Course, the indicators of ethical use of animals in research and teaching to the level of knowledge and interest of the students on the topic of animal ethics. A questionnaire was distributed to the students of the first and second semesters of Physiotherapy, which was filled out in the classroom voluntarily. Data was analyzed and a descriptive discussion took place subsequently. The questionnaire was completed by 193 students. Among the surveyed students, the majority had prior knowledge on the topic of animal ethics, but never attended classes with practical use of animals and claimed they have never thought about replacing animals by alternative methods. Students were sensitized on the number of animals used in teaching and research and demonstrated knowledge of the subject.

Knowledge and involvement on ethical principles of animal experimentation in undergraduate physiotherapy

Knowledge and involvement on ethical principles of animal experimentation in undergraduate physiotherapy This article analyzes a sample of university students from the Physiotherapy Course, the indicators of ethical use of animals in research and teaching to the level of knowledge and interest of the students on the topic of animal ethics. A questionnaire was distributed to the students of the first and second semesters of Physiotherapy, which was filled out in the classroom voluntarily. Data was analyzed and a descriptive discussion took place subsequently. The questionnaire was completed by 193 students. Among the surveyed students, the majority had prior knowledge on the topic of animal ethics, but never attended classes with practical use of animals and claimed they have never thought about replacing animals by alternative methods. Students were sensitized on the number of animals used in teaching and research and demonstrated knowledge of the subject.

El conocimiento y la participación en los principios éticos de experimentación animal de los graduandos en fisioterapia

Knowledge and involvement on ethical principles of animal experimentation in undergraduate physiotherapy This article analyzes a sample of university students from the Physiotherapy Course, the indicators of ethical use of animals in research and teaching to the level of knowledge and interest of the students on the topic of animal ethics. A questionnaire was distributed to the students of the first and second semesters of Physiotherapy, which was filled out in the classroom voluntarily. Data was analyzed and a descriptive discussion took place subsequently. The questionnaire was completed by 193 students. Among the surveyed students, the majority had prior knowledge on the topic of animal ethics, but never attended classes with practical use of animals and claimed they have never thought about replacing animals by alternative methods. Students were sensitized on the number of animals used in teaching and research and demonstrated knowledge of the subject.