J. A. von Arx

Conidiation and carbohydrate composition in some Candida and Torulopsis species

The genus Candida Berkhout (including Torulopsis auct.) is restricted to the anamorphs of Saccharomycetales (asci-forming yeasts). Species with heterobasidiomycetous relationships are either transferred to Apiotrichum when the cells are at least partly formed sympodially and when the hydrolyzates of intact cells contain xylose, or to Rhodotorula when the cells are formed basipetally (enteroblastic, phialidic) and the cells do not contain xylose.

The yeast genus Yarrowia gen. nov.

The ascigerous teleomorph of Candida lipolytica (Harrison) Diddens et Lodder, previously classified as Endomycopsis lipolytica Wickerham et al. and as Saccharomycopsis lipolytica (Wickerham et al.) Yarrow, has been assigned to the new genus Yarrowia. Yarrowia lipolytica (Wickerham et al.) comb. nov. is the type species for the genus.The remaining species of Saccharomycopsis are revised.

OnEndomyces, Endomycopsis and related yeast-like fungi

Strains in the culture collection of the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures under the generic namesEndomyces andEndomycopsis were compared with related genera of filamentous and yeast-like fungi. The genusEndomyces is accepted for ascigerous states ofGeotrichum; 6 species are keyed out and discussed. The genus nameEndomycopsis is rejected as it is an obligate synonym ofSaccharomycopsis. ForEndomyces javanensis, Endomycopsis platypodis andSaccharomycopsis synnaedendra the new generaArthroascus, Hormoascus andBotryoascus are proposed; the genusGuilliermondella is reintroduced. Briefly discussed are the generaSchizosaccharomyces, Eremascus, Dipodascus, Ascoidea, Cephaloascus, Ambrosiozyma andCrebrothecium. A key is given for the genera of yeast-like “ascomycetes” with septate hyphae. Some species described asGeotrichum are transferred to other genera.

Notes onDipodascus,Endomyces andGeotrichum with the description of two new species

The genus Endomyces is restricted to E. decipiens Reess, characterized by asci formed directly on hyphae and hat-shaped ascospores. The species forming asci from conjugating gametangial cells and having ellipsoidal ascospores are transferred to Dipodascus. A strain isolated from cladodes of Opuntia in Australia is described as Dipodascus australiensis von Arx et Barker and strains isolated from Armillaria mellea are classified as Geotrichum armillariae von Arx.

Zygozyma gen. nov., a new genus of the Lipomycetaceae

Summary The yeast Zygozyma oligophaga gen. et sp. nov., was isolated from frass of an unidentified bark beetle in Northern Natal. It is related to Dipodascopsis and Lipomyces , and is distinguished from the former genus by the absence of septate hyphae and from the latter by allantoid, smooth ascospores. The family Lipomycetaceae is redefined and restricted to the three mentioned genera. Myxozyma includes anamorphs of Zygozyma . All species of the three genera form mucoid colonies with amyloid material and utilize imidazol as sole source of nitrogen.

Notes on Monographella and Microdochium

The names Sphaerella opuntiae and Plectosphaerella cucumerina are transferred to Monographella . Their anamorphs and Fusarium dimerum are classified in Microdochium . The relationship of Monographella to Nectria, Monographus, Discostroma and Lepteutypa is discussed.

The taxonomy of Ophiobolus graminis Sacc.

The structure of perithecia, asci and spores in Ophiobolus graminis Sacc. indicate that the affinities of this fungus lie with the Diaporthaceae-Gnomoniaceae, while the typical species of the genus Ophiobolus are members of the Pseudo-sphaeriales. 0. graminis is the type species of the new genus Gaeumannomyces. It is most closely related to Linospora Fuckel, Ophiognomonia Sacc. and Plagiosphaera Petrak.

The ascigerous state of Candida chodatii.

In Candida chodatii, a mycelial yeast having denticulate conidiogenous cells, the asci are formed by conjugating budding cells (conidia) and usually contain 2 hat-shaped, small ascospores. It is classified in Hyphopichia, a new genus of the Ascoideaceae. A key to the genera of the Ascoideaceae is given.

Studies on Venturia and related genera

This article discusses the characteristics on which a natural system of classification of thePyrenomycetes must be based and then considers the familyVenturiaceae, giving a key to the genera. The nomenclature and the synonymy of the genera and their type-species are briefly discussed.

The CBS Fungus Collection

Publisher Summary The Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS) collection includes yeast and filamentous fungal cultures. Strains of the collection are maintained by three methods—active on agar slants, lyophilized, and under mineral oil. Freeze drying as a means of prolonged preservation of (sporulating) fungal strains has been used at the CBS since many years. A suspension of spores in skimmed milk is rapidly frozen at –25 to –30 ° C. The milk forms a protective layer around each spore. The deep-frozen suspension is then dried under high vacuum by sublimation of ice, while the temperature rises slowly. The tubes are subsequently sealed so that the vacuum is retained in the tube. The division of Medical Mycology maintains a large collection of human and animal pathogens. This collection includes the three dermatophyte genera Epidermophyton (two species, 18 strains), Microsporum (14 species, 64 strains), and Trichophyton (47 species, 193 strains). Subculturing takes place every 6 months. Madurella strains are transferred every 3 months. Sabouraud agar with dextrose or maltose, potatodextrose agar, and malt agar—are the media most often used for cultures.