J. Jefferson Reid

Instance of Rapid Ceeramic Change in the American Southwest

Rapid replacement of Cibola Whiteware bowls by Roosevelt Redware bowls is documented at Chodistaas, an 18-room pueblo ruin in the American Southwest occupied from A.D. 1263 until its burning in the 1290s. This example from prehistory illustrates how controlling for formation-process variability enhances estimates of the rate of ceramic change. The Chodistaas case underscores the importance of the prehistoric recordfor understanding the intricate relation between ceramic variability and past behavior and for contributing to the development of ceramic theory.

The University of Arizona Archaeological Field School at Grasshopper: Eleven Years of Multidisciplinary Research and Teaching

ABSTRACTThe University of Arizona Archaeological Field School has completed 54 years of student training and archaeological research. The past 11 seasons work has been at the Grasshopper Ruin, a 14th century pueblo in east central Arizona. The teaching program emphasizes student participation in an ongoing, multidisciplinary research program. Excavations thus far have uncovered 78 habitation, storage, or ceremonial rooms and a rectangular Great Kiva. Well over 15,000 artifacts and approximately 250,000 potsherds have been analyzed, and 573 human burials have been excavated. A descriptive summary of the expanding scope of the research and teaching over the past 11 years is presented.

CHANGE IN HOUSEHOLD SIZE AT GRASSHOPPER

Changes through time in the size of cooking hearths are observed at Grasshopper. Using the construct of the domestic group, these changes are interpreted to indicate a decrease in the size of the household through time. Suggestions are made for testing this trend through the analysis of other domestic facilities and implements. The decrease in household size appears to depart from the ideal pattern of the developmental cycle. Hypotheses seeking to explain this departure indicate the important contributions that the analysis of the domestic group and its various subdivisions can make toward constructing models of cultural and behavioral change in the prehistoric Southwest. In recent years models of domestic groups and developmental cycles have been actively employed to explain architectural variability, organizational change and growth within prehistoric southwestern communities. Kemrer (1973) has investigated the developmental cycle of domestic groups at Kiet Siel (Dean 1969). At Grasshopper Reid (1973; Reid and Shimada, in press) has employed a developmental cycle model at the community level to describe pueblo growth while Rock (1972, 1973, this volume) has focused on the identification of domestic group boundaries and corporate activity structure in the archaeological record. Wilcox (in press) has incorporated these models into a general statement on the perception of prehistoric pueblo social groups at the Joint Site (Schiffer 1973). In pursuing these interests further, this paper presents preliminary results of investigation into changes in household size measured by changes in the size of domestic facilities at Grasshopper. These changes are discussed within the framework of domestic groups and evaluated in terms of departures from an ideal model of the developmental cycle of domestic groups. As an analytic construct first proposed by Fortes (1971), the domestic

Observations on the Salado Presence at Grasshopper Pueblo

A discussion is presented which describes the variability within the ceramic assemblage found at Grasshopper Pueblo with special reference to the Salado polychromes. Stylistic, locational, and other data are employed as possible explanations for the Salado presence at Grasshopper.

The Brown and the Gray: Pots and Population Movement in East-Central Arizona

Decorated ceramics have long been used as markers of trade, population movement, and ethnic identity in the American Southwest. Undecorated ceramics have also functioned as ethnic markers. Brown wares have been equated with mountain people and gray wares with plateau people. Most of these studies have not distinguished the movement of pots from the movement of people. In this study, undecorated ceramics are shown to be useful in tracing population movement over short distances within a region, while decorated ceramics are more useful in detecting movement between regions.

Refinements in Dating Late Cibola White Ware

ABSTRACTRefinements to Breternitzs (1966) dating of late Cibola White Ware ceramics enhance the accuracy of ceramic cross-dating in the American Southwest and illustrate the importance of reevaluating other ceramics. Revisions to the dating of Snowflake, Reserve, Tularosa, and Pinedale Black-on-white are discussed.

A Search for the Philosophical Julian: American Pragmatism and Southwestern Archaeology

ABSTRACTThe philosophy of pragmatism describes the mode of inquiry found in Julian Haydens archaeological research and his contributions to understanding the past. The success of his work, despite the absence of formal academic training in archaeological method and theory, underscores the utility and versatility of pragmatism for archaeological research.