J.L. Pérez Castrillón

Relation of resistin levels with cardiovascular risk factors and insulin resistance in non-diabetes obese patients

BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship of resistin levels with these above mentioned factors. SUBJECTS A population of 213 obese was analyzed. A complete nutritional and biochemical evaluation was performed. RESULTS The mean age was 45.1+16.7 years, the mean BMI was 35.6+5.7. Higher weight, fat mass, fat free mass, waist to hip ratio, RMR, insulin and HOMA levels were observed in men than women. In all group, the analysis with a dependent variable (resistin) showed that fat mass remained in the model (F=2.48; p<0.05), with an increase of 0.033 ng/ml (CI 95%: 0.011-0.055) with each 1 kg of fat mass and a decrease of -0.29 ng/ml (CI 95%: -0.53, -0.01) with each mmHg of diastolic blood pressure. In a second model (only women) (resistin), fat mass remained in the model (F=6.06; p<0.05), with an increase of 0.037 ng/ml (CI 95%: 0.015, 0.06) with each kg of fat mass and a decrease of -0.032 ng/ml (CI 95%: -0.054, -0.01) with each mmHg of diastolic blood pressure. The third multivariate analysis (only men) did not show any relation among resistin levels and other parameters. CONCLUSION Resistin levels are related with different cardiovascular risk and anthropometric parameters, without relation with insulin resistance. A sex interaction has been observed.

Effects of Dietary Intake and Life Style on Bone Density in Patients with Diabetes mellitus Type 2

Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the relation among glycemic control, lifestyle and dietary intake with bone mineral density in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Tertiary care hospital. Participants: A cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital was performed. Ninety-two patients attending our diabetes service (56 females/36 males) with diabetes mellitus type 2 were enrolled in a consecutive way. The inclusion criteria were diabetes diagnosed >40 years of age, with type 2 diabetes defined in accordance with the criteria of the American Diabetes Association and no use of dietary supplements. Body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, glucose level, and HbA1c levels were assessed in all patients. X-ray densitometry of the calcaneal region and a 3-days written food record keeping, and a qualitative questionnaire of lifestyle were also performed. Results: A total of 21.7% of patients had osteoporosis (T score <2.5 SD). Patients were overweight with a high BMI and a medium glucose control. Patients with osteoporosis were older than those without osteoporosis (67.8 ± 6.9 vs. 62.1 ± 9.2 years; p < 0.05). Significant differences were detected between patients without and with osteoporosis in calcium intake (1,219.37 ± 387 vs. 839 ± 251 mg/day; p < 0.05) and zinc intake (9.23 ± 3.5 vs. 13.3 ± 6.9 mg/day; p < 0.05), respectively. No differences were detected in other dietary dairy intakes. In correlation analysis age (r = –0.23; p < 0.05) and BMI (r = 0.48; p < 0.05) was correlated with BMD. In univariate analysis with dicotomic variables, only exercise was positive associated with osteoporotic status (87.5% exercise habit in patients without osteoporosis and 25% exercise habit in patients with osteoporosis; p < 0.05). In a logistic model with the dependent variable (osteoporosis), remained in the final model dietary dairy intake of calcium and zinc, BMI, age and exercise. Exercise, calcium intake and BMI were protective factors. Zinc intake, and age were risk factors. Conclusions: Exercise, calcium intake, body mass index had a protective role in bone mineral density in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Zinc intake and age were risk factors in our population.

Relation of resistin levels with cardiovascular risk factors, insulin resistance and inflammation in naive diabetes obese patients

BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship of resistin levels with cardiovascular risk factors, insulin resistance and inflammation in naïve diabetic patients. SUBJECTS A population of 66 naïve diabetic patients with obesity was analyzed. A complete nutritional and biochemical evaluation was performed. RESULTS The mean age 56.9+/-11.6 years and the mean BMI was 37.8+/-6.3. Patients were divided in two groups by median resistin value (3.3ng/ml), group I (patients with the low values, average value 2.5+/-0.5) and group II (patients with the high values, average value 4.8+/-1.8). Patients in the group I had lower waist circumference, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and C-reactive protein than patients in group II. Correlation analysis showed a significant correlation among resistin levels and the independent variables; BMI (r=0.26; p<0.05), waist circumference (r=0.38; p<0.05), fat mass (r=0.28; p<0.05), LDL-cholesterol (r=0.3; p<0.05), C-reactive protein (r=0.28; p<0.05). In the multivariate analysis, resistin concentration increase 0.024ng/ml (CI 95%: 0.006-0.42) for each mg/dl of C-reactive protein. CONCLUSION Circulating resistins are associated with C-reactive protein in an independent way in naïve diabetic patients.

Lack of Association of –55CT Polymorphism of UCP3 Gene with Fat Distribution in Obese Patients

Background and Aims: Some studies have pointed to a role of UCP3 in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis and regulation of fat distribution. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of –55CT polymorphism of UCP3 gene on fat distribution and classical cardiovascular risk factors in obese patients. Design: A population of 225 obese patients was analyzed in a prospective way. A nutritional evaluation was performed. Dietary intake and exercise were recorded. The genotype of UCP3 gene –55CT was studied. Results: 225 patients gave informed consent and were enrolled. 178 (53 males/125 females) (79.1%) had genotype 55CC (wild group) and 47 patients (14 males/33 females) (20.9%) 55CT (mutant group). In the mutant group, resting metabolic rate was higher than in the wild group. However, resting metabolic rate corrected by fat-free mass was similar. No differences were detected in fat mass or other anthropometric parameters. C-reactive protein was higher in the mutant group than in the wild group (5.1 ± 5.7 vs. 6.9 ± 6.8 mg/dl; p < 0.05). Conclusion: In the mutant group of –55CC UCP3 gene patients, C-reactive protein was higher than in the wild-type patients. However, no differences in anthropometric parameters were detected in either group.

Serum visfatin concentrations are related to dietary intake in obese patients.

Background: Changes in dietary intake such as underfeeding, overfeeding, as well as exercise have important effects on adipose tissue metabolism. We conducted a cross-sectional study of associations between nutrient intake and serum visfatin concentrations in a group of obese patients. Subjects: A population of 231 obese subjects was analyzed in a cross-sectional study. Biochemical analysis (basal glucose, C-reactive protein, insulin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, blood and insulin resistance), anthropometric evaluation (weight and bioimpedance) and assessment of dietary intake were carried out. Results: The mean age was 41.8 ± 14.2 years, and the mean body mass index was 35.4 ± 5.3 among the 63 male (27.3%) and 168 female (72.7%) patients. Patients were divided into 3 groups by visfatin tertile values: group 1, <16.06 ng/ml; group 2, between 16.06 and 60.55 ng/ml; group 3, >60.55 ng/ml. Patients in group 3 had lower intakes of energy, carbohydrates, total fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, saturated fat, total cholesterol and proteins than group 1. Patients in group 2 had lower intakes of energy, total fat, monounsaturated fat, saturated fat, total cholesterol and proteins than group 1. In the adjusted multivariate analysis, only monounsaturated fat intake remained as an independent predictor of visfatin levels. Visfatin concentration decreased by –3.69 ng/ml (95% CI –0.43 to –7.01) for each gram of monounsaturated fat intake. Conclusion: Monounsaturated fatty acid consumption was found to be modestly inversely associated with visfatin levels in a group of obese patients.

Valor pronÓstico de los anticuerpos anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae en la cardiopatía isquémica

Introduccion y objetivos . Se ha relacionado la enfermedad arterial coronaria con infeccion por Chlamydia pneumoniae , pero existen pocos estudios que valoren la presencia de anticuerpos frente a este microorganismo y el pronostico de los pacientes con cardiopatia isquemica. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue valorar el impacto de la positividad de anticuerpos anti- Chlamydia pneumoniae en la morbimortalidad asociada a la cardiopatia isquemica. Metodos . Se estudiaron 249 pacientes con cardiopatia isquemica (97 con infarto de miocardio, 83 con angina inestable y 69 con angina estable) recogidos durante un ano y seguidos tres anos. Se determinaron anticuerpos IgG anti- Chlamydia pneumoniae por la tecnica de microinmunofluorescencia. El punto de corte considerado como serologia positiva lo establecimos en 1/64. Resultados . En el grupo de 97 pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio, un 43% tenia titulos positivos de anticuerpos IgG frente a C. pneumoniae . Observamos asociacion estadisticamente significativa (p = 0,007) entre la serologia positiva y la mayor supervivencia de los pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio. Se realizo una regresion logistica considerando mortalidad, edad y serologia siendo la edad la unica variable que explicaba la mortalidad, con una p = 0,0012, perdiendo la serologia su significado. En el grupo de 83 pacientes con angor inestable y de 69 pacientes con angor estable, el 42% y el 58% respectivamente, tenia serologia positiva a C. pneumoniae . En ambos grupos no encontramos asociacion estadisticamente significativa entre la serologia positiva a C. pneumoniae y los factores pronosticos de morbimortalidad (reingresos y mortalidad). Conclusiones . La presencia de anticuerpos IgG frente a C. pneumoniae no es un marcador de morbimortalidad en nuestra poblacion con cardiopatia isquemica.

Regulación endocrina del metabolismo energético a través del hueso

Summary The classical functions of bone are the maintenance of phosphorus-calcium homeostasis, damage repair, as well its structural function which allows locomotion and protects the vital organs. The recent discovery of new functions for bone in the regulation of energy metabolism suggest that bone may be an endocrine organ. In the last decade, different genetic and molecular studies carried out in mice have determined that osteocalcin increases the secretion of insulin, and sensitivity to it, by increasing the secretion of adiponectin, stimulates the proliferation and the better functioning of the beta cells, promotes the reduction of fatty mass and an increase in the consumption of energy. These findings demonstrate the existence of a reciprocal regulation between bone and energy metabolism, mediated by osteocalcin. The recognition of the metabolic role of osteocalcin is a significant discovery in the field of osteology and endocrinology, bringing the possibility of new therapies in the treatment and prevention of metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, sarcopenia, obesity and osteoporosis.

Contents Vol. 57, 2010

F. Azizi, Tehran A. Berg, Freiburg F. Branca, Rome R. Brigelius-Flohé, Nuthetal P.C. Calder, Southampton N. Chang, Seoul T. Decsi, Pécs K. Eder, Halle/Saale A. El-Sohemy, Toronto, Ont. H. Goldenberg, Vienna R. Hakkak, Little Rock, Ark. H. Hauner, Munich S. Hercberg, Paris H. Heseker, Paderborn N. Houalla, Beirut A. Kafatos, Heraklion M.-H. Kang, Daejeon E.T. Kennedy, Boston, Mass. M. Krawinkel, Giessen G. Krejs, Graz A.V. Kurpad, Bangalore W. Langhans, Zurich M. Lawrence, Burwood, Vic. D. Li, Hangzhou X. Lin, Shanghai J. Linseisen, Heidelberg J.A. Martinez, Pamplona Y. Naito, Kyoto H.Y. Paik, Seoul M. Panagiotidis, Reno, Nev. J.M. Pettifor, Johannesburg L.A. Réthy, Budapest G. Rimbach, Kiel J. Sabaté, Loma Linda, Calif. W.H.M. Saris, Maastricht L. Serra-Majem, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria A.P. Simopoulos, Washington, D.C. P. Stehle, Bonn J.J. Strain, Coleraine I. Th orsdottir, Reykjavik K. Tontisirin, Nakhon Pathom R. Uauy, Santiago H. Vannucchi, Ribeirão Preto A. von Rücker, Bonn M. Wahlqvist, Clayton W. Waldhäusl, Vienna E. Wasantwisut, Salaya B. Watzl, Karlsruhe W.M. Windisch, Vienna T. Yoshikawa, Kyoto J. Zempleni, Lincoln, Nebr. A. Zittermann, Bad Oeynhausen Journal of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Dietetics

Acknowledgement to the 2010 Reviewers

Andrew Ford, Crawley, W.A., Australia Gustavo Frechtel, Buenos Aires, Argentina Jeanne Freeland-Graves, Austin, Tex., USA Selma Freire, Sao Paolo, Brazil Heinz Freisling, Lyon, France Claudio Galli, Milano, Italy Reinold Gans, Groningen, The Netherlands Dieter Genser, Wien, Austria Arnab Ghosh, Sriniketan, India Hans Goldenberg, Wien, Austria Carmen Gomez-Cabrera, Valencia, Spain Toby Graham, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA Georgia Guldan, Hongkong, SAR, China James Haddow, Providence, R.I., USA Reza Hakkak, Little Rock, Ariz., USA Rainer Hampel, Rostock, Germany William Harris, Sioux Falls, S.D., USA Alexander Haslberger, Wien, Austria Anders Helander, Stockholm, Sweden Helmut Heseker, Paderborn, Germany Joanna Hlebowicz, Malmö, Sweden Michael Holick, Boston, Mass., USA Paul Holvoet, Leuven, Belgium Gerard Hornstra, Maastricht, The Netherlands Jingyu Huang, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Yi-Chia Huang, Taichung, Taiwan Manfred Huettinger, Wien, Austria Elina Hypponen, London, UK Catherine Itsiopoulos, Canberra, A.C.T., Australia Emilio Jirillo, Bari, Italy Anthony Kafatos, Heraklion, Greece Elizabeth Kamau-Mbuthia, Njoro, Kenya Konstantinos Kantartzis, Tuebingen, Germany Christina-Maria Kastorini, Athens, Greece Aaron Kelly, Minneapolis, Minn., USA Ibrahim Khatib, Irbid, Jordan Young Cheul Kim, Amherst, Mass., USA Jörg Kotzka, Duesseldorf, Germany Michael Krawinkel, Gießen, Germany Susan Krebs-Smith, Bethesda, Md., USA Katrin Kromeyer-Hauschild, Jena, Germany Anura Kurpad, Bangalore, India William Lands, College Park, Md., USA Wolfgang Langhans, Zuerich, Switzerland Mark Lawrence, Melbourne, Vic., Australia Caroline LeBlanc, Moncton, N.B., Canada Nasser Al-Daghri, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Omar Ali, Milwaukee, Wisc., USA Richard Anderson, Beltsville, Md., USA Giovanni Annuzzi, Napoli, Italy Christopher Ardern, York, UK Antonio Arteaga, Santiago, Chile Stephen Atkin, Hull, UK Fereidoun Azizi, Tehran, Iran William Banz, Carbondale, Ill., USA Ronald Barr, Hamilton, Ont., Canada Aloys Berg, Freiburg, Germany Roger Bouillon, Leuven, Belgium Donald Bowden, Winston-Salem, N.C., USA Ivan Brenkel, Dunfermline, UK J. Thomas Brenna, Ithaca, N.Y., USA Reinhard Bretzel, Gießen, Germany Regina Brigelius-Flohe, Nuthetal, Germany David Burns, Burlington, Mass., USA Wilfried Bursch, Wien, Austria Philip Calder, Southampton, UK Namsoo Chang, Seoul, Korea Karen Charlton, Wollongong, N.S.W., Australia Don Chisholm, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia Lech Chrostek, Bialystok, Poland Omar Dary, Washington, D.C., USA Tamás Decsi, Pécs, Hungary Benedicte Deforche, Ghent, Belgium Jacques Delarue, Brest, France Giovanni De Pergola, Bari, Italy Jeanne de Vries, Wageningen, The Netherlands Philippe De Wals, Quebec, Que., Canada Abolghasem Djazayeri, Tehran, Iran Daniel Doerge, Jefferson, Ariz., USA Leonidas Duntas, Athens, Greece Genevieve Dunton, Los Angeles, Calif., USA Klaus Eder, Gießen, Germany Eva-Charlotte Ekstroem, Uppsala, Sweden Ahmed El-Sohemy, Toronto, Ont., Canada Juan Carlos Espin de Gea, Murcia, Spain Elisabeth Fabian, Wien, Austria Mathias Fasshauer, Leipzig, Germany François Feillet, Nancy, France Reinhold Feldmann, Münster, Germany Tanis Fenton, Calgary, Alta., Canada Leopold Fezeu, Bobigny, France Marilu Fiegenbaum, Porto Alegre, Brazil