J. Li

Characteristics of wind turbine generators for wind power plants

This paper presents a summary of the most important characteristics of wind turbine generators applied in modern wind power plants. Various wind turbine generator designs, based on classification by machine type and speed control capabilities, are discussed along with their operational characteristics, voltage, reactive power, or power factor control capabilities, voltage ride-through characteristics, behavior during short circuits, and reactive power capabilities.

ORNL Experience and Challenges Facing Dynamic Wireless Power Charging of EV's

As visionary as dynamic, or in-motion, wireless charging of electric vehicles appears the concept is well over a century old as this paper will show. This is because the concept of magnetic induction dates back to the pioneering work of physicist Michael Faraday in the early 19th century. Today wireless power transfer (WPT) is being standardized for stationary and quasi-stationary charging of electric vehicles (EV). The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) has undertaken the standardization of stationary charging and will make this public during 2016. In addition to this the IEEE-SA (Standards Activities) initiated standards development for EV?s in their EVWPT working group in 2012. This paper introduces the many challenges facing EVWPT in not only high power transfer to a moving vehicle and energy management at a utility scale, but communications in a vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) environment and management of high data rates, ultra-low latency, and dealing with communications loss in dense urban areas. Future concepts such as guideway powering of EV?s are presented to illustrate one technical trajectory EVWPT may take.

Reactive power compensation for wind power plants

This technical paper provides the basic guidelines for the application of reactive compensation systems to be used as part of a wind power plant. A brief history of wind plant reactive compensation system is discussed, then the fundamental needs of why reactive compensation is required. The paper will then provide some alternatives for reactive compensation, how to size the reactive compensation, and finally some of the principles on how different compensation devices work.

Wind power plant substation and collector system redundancy, reliability, and economics

This paper presents basic guidelines on design considerations for wind power plant substation and collector system based on redundancy, reliability, and economics. Design considerations, although similar to utility substation and underground or overhead distribution systems, often include aspects not normally considered for those systems. This paper will highlight design considerations unique to wind power plant design comparing economic and reliability benefits among available design options. Power loss analysis in a typical wind power plant is explained. Finally, an overall economic analysis to be considered when designing a new wind power plant is presented.

Wind power plant collector system design considerations: IEEE PES wind plant collector system design working group

This paper presents a summary of the most important design considerations for wind power plants. Various considerations, including feeder topology, collector design, interconnect and NESC/NEC requirements, and design engineering studies are discussed.

Wind power plant grounding, overvoltage protection, and insulation coordination: IEEE PES wind plant collector system design working group

Proper insulation coordination is critical to achieving expected life from wind plant equipment. The collector systems of large wind plants require the application of surge arresters to protect the equipment insulation from transient overvoltages. The application of surge arresters is constrained by maximum operating and temporary overvoltage levels. This paper provides a tutorial description of the process of selecting and applying surge arresters to wind plant medium voltage collector systems, with emphasis on the peculiar properties of this application.

Power transformer application for wind plant substations

Wind power plants use power transformers to step plant output from the medium voltage of the collector system to the HV or EHV transmission system voltage. This paper discusses the application of these transformers with regard to the selection of winding configuration, MVA rating, impedance, loss evaluation, on-load tapchanger requirements, and redundancy.

Wind plant collector system fault protection and coordination

This paper presents a summary of the most important protection and coordination considerations for wind power plants. Short-circuit characteristics of both aggregate wind plant and individual wind turbine generators, as well as general interconnection protection requirements are discussed. Many factors such as security, reliability, and safety are considered for proper conservative protection of the wind power plant and individual turbines.

Coupling electric vehicles and power grid through charging-in-motion and connected vehicle technology

A traffic-assignment-based framework is proposed to model the coupling of transportation network and power grid for analyzing impacts of energy demand from electric vehicles on the operation of power distribution. Although the reverse can be investigated with the proposed framework as well, electricity flowing from a power grid to electric vehicles is the focus of this paper. Major variables in transportation network (including link flows) and power grid (including electricity transmitted) are introduced for the coupling. Roles of charging-in-motion technology and connected vehicle technology have been identified in the framework of supernetwork. A linkage (i.e. individual energy demand) between the two networks is defined to construct the supernetwork. To determine equilibrium of the supernetwork can also answer how many drivers are going to use the chargingin-motion services, in which locations, and at what time frame. An optimal operation plan of power distribution will be decided along the determination simultaneously by which we have a picture about what level of power demand from the grid is expected in locations during an analyzed period. Caveat of the framework and possible applications have also been discussed.

Design and application of cables and overhead lines in wind power plants

This paper presents a summary of the most important considerations for wind power plant collection system underground and overhead cable designs. Various considerations, including conductor selection, soil thermal properties, installation methods, splicing, concentric grounding, and NESC/NEC requirements are discussed.