J. Mark Munoz

Dimensionality of Business Ethics in China

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the ethical dimensions in China. It reviews the extant business ethics literature on China, collects data on ethical conduct from a large Chinese university, and analyzes the data to examine emerging trends.Design/methodology/approach – Factor analysis and multidimensional scaling (MDS) are applied to an established survey instrument after reliability is confirmed.Findings – Principal‐components factor analysis uncovers six main factors. MDS further reduces the explanatory variables into four ethical dimensions, while increasing the number of useable observations. These four dimensions are then correlated with some demographic and psychographic variables. Results reveal four quadrants with different characteristics: Quadrant I “Unsympathetic, ethically challenged, self centered” have lower grade‐point index (GPA); Quadrant II “Ethically challenged, other directed” have higher GPA, watch more TV, and are more likely to be female; Quadrant III “Community ori...

Executive insights on globalization: Implications for hospitality managers in emerging locations

Purpose – To provide an enhanced understanding of the changing business dynamics resulting from globalization, and offer hospitality managers in emerging locations strategies for success.Design/methodology/approach – The research was based on a descriptive survey conducted among 118 senior level travel executives in 35 countries. Based on the concepts furthered by Thomas L. Friedman, executive insights were gathered on the impact of globalization on business, technology, accounting and finance, psyche, and knowledge flows.Findings – Research findings point out to the evolving business dynamics in a globalized environment requiring strategic operational adjustments by hospitality managers, specially those located in emerging locations.Research limitations/implications – Though the research was conducted across several countries, the respondent number does not merit a solid basis for a generalized conclusion. Furthermore, as English was used in the survey questionnaires, respondent misunderstandings may hav...

The globalising Chinese business enterprise: the role of strategic fit

To achieve full performance potential in becoming a global business competitor, enterprises in transitioning economies, particularly Chinese business enterprises, must identify and rectify deficiencies in their resources and capabilities. Too often, prescriptive advice on globalisation requirements is given that is too narrowly focused on accommodating the full range and interactive effects of multiple action responses needed. We offer an approach that is useful for considering the range of options for Chinese firms through the lens of multiple response levels, ambient factors, the individual level, the intraorganisational level and the interorganisational level. We argue that the approach allows the identification of deficient resources and capabilities which, upon being remedied, must pass another hurdle of analysis, that of inspecting their potential for misalignment or poor strategic fit. While the approach is especially well-suited to China, the concept may also be suitable for other transitioning environments.

Executive Insights on Globalization: Basis for Strategic Approaches to Human Resources Management in the Travel industry

ABSTRACT Research on globalization and its business implications on the travel industry provide a framework from which human resources managers in the travel industry can plan and implement strategies for success in a global environment. Based on a descriptive survey of 118 senior level travel executives in 35 countries, the author gathered executive insights on the impact of globalization on business, communication, investment and finance, technology, and individual mindsets. Research findings point out to the evolving nature of business in a globalized environment and point out to necessary strategic adjustments in human resources management.

Strategically planned entrepreneurial expansion into emerging markets: a resource-based view of Argentina

This paper highlights entrepreneurial expansion into an emerging market. These markets are characterised as locations moving along a dynamic path from a closed economy with government control of economic policy to an open economy with reliance on market forces and the global economy. Building upon Porters diamond to determine international country attractiveness we added additional factors relevant to firms considering entrepreneurial expansion into emerging markets. A model is developed for achieving successful entrepreneurial expansion into emerging markets. Argentina is the emerging market used to apply the model.

Microfranchising in Less Developed Countries

Microfranchising has matured from its beginnings in nonprofit development communities to capture the attention of the wider business community. Its successful proliferation in diverse emerging economies such as Kenya, El Salvador, and India has led to the establishment of profitable organizations, the creation of jobs, the alleviation of poverty, and sustainable economic development. We are aware of the great potential of this emerging business model, but are concerned about the paucity of academic literature on the subject. This article is an attempt to remedy this situation by synthesizing existing perspectives and stimulating new avenues of research. Specifically, we explore viable models in the practice of microfranchising by revisiting literature pertaining to its precursor — franchising. Contemporary cases are also highlighted in order to identify effective and successful strategies.

Franchising in the Philippines

The Philippine market offers an innately large consumer base that is attractive for franchise operators. Its strategic location makes the country an appealing option as a franchise hub to launch a future Asia-Pacific expansion. Additional favorable factors include: Wide use of the English language, Cultural affinity with American values, low labor cost, large pool of skilled labor and management talent, and moderately well-placed infrastructure. The competitive climate that exist in the more urbanized locations in the country forces new entrants to creatively innovate and adapt quickly to the environment in order to succeed.