J.N.C. Meneses

Prevalência de aglutininas anti-Leptospira interrogans em cães de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 2001 a 2002

Prevalence of anti-Leptospira interrogans agglutinins in dogs captured by the Zoonosis Control Center, in nine administrative districts of Belo Horizonte city, throughout the year, was evaluated. The areas with positive prevalence were correlated to the areas of environmental sanitation, using sources of georeference. Blood samples from 3,417 dogs captured, were submitted to microscopic agglutination test from September 2001 to September 2002, showed 13.1% of seropositivity. The most reactive serovars were Canicola, Ballum, Pyrogenes and Icterohaemorrhagiae. High prevalences were observed at Center-Southern - 22.5%, Eastern - 19.1% and Northeastern - 13.2% districts. Pampulha district got 8.2% of prevalence, the lowest percentage of positive reactions. High number of dog infection was observed during December, 2001 and January, 2002, characterized as rainy period and high environmental temperature. Villages, slums and suburbs with environmental sanitation deficiency are areas of high risk.

Epidemiological study of scorpion stings in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, 2005-2009

This retrospective epidemiological study focused on scorpion stings in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, from 2005 to 2009. Data on reported scorpion stings were taken from the National System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) and the Epidemiological Surveillance System (SISVE) and patient records from the João XXIII Hospital. There were 2,769 cases of scorpion stings in Belo Horizonte (114.7 cases per 100,000 inhabitants), with a downward trend over time and the highest incidence from August to January. Tityus serrulatus was the species involved in most of the stings. There was no statistical difference in the incidence between male and female victims, and the most frequently affected age bracket was 55 to 64 years. Ninety-six percent of cases evolved to cure, and there were two deaths. It is necessary to improve the reporting process for scorpion stings and to consider the determinants of scorpion stings in order to plan and implement effective public health interventions.

Perfil dos cães sororreagentes para aglutininas anti-Leptospira interrogans em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 2001/2002

The serological profile of seropositive dogs according to anti-Leptospira agglutinins was checked in Belo Horizonte including variables such as race, sex, age and whether the dog had an owner or not. The dogs were captured by the Zoonosis Control Center in nine neighborhoods around the city and were separated in two categories - with owners or captured on the streets. The prevalence of anti-Leptospira agglutinins was evaluated in 3,417 blood samples using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) from September 2001 to September 2002. It was found that 13.1% of the dogs had seropositive results with the most reactive serovars being Canicola (7.0%), Ballum (6.1%), Pyrogenes (3.2%) and Icterohaemorrhagiae (2.9%). The prevalence of other serovars was less than 1.0%. Greater prevalence was found in male, crossbred dogs, without owners. There were no significant results due to age in 95% (P=0.808) of the cases. According to the results, more research should be done in order to isolate and classify the serovars in positive dogs, especially Ballum and Pyrogenes, which will suggest their inclusion in the commercial vaccines against leptospira used in dogs in this city.

Freqüência de aglutininas anti-Leptospira interrogans em eqüídeos, em Minas Gerais, 2003 a 2004

The goal of this research was to find the frequency and spatial distribution of infection caused by Leptospira interrogans in equidae in Minas Gerais State from September 2003 to March 2004. Samples of blood serum (6,475) were analyzed by microscopic agglutination test. From the total, 381 samples were positive (5.9 %), with title equal or superior to 1:200 for one or more serovars of leptospira. The most frequent serovars were Hardjo (Norma), Pomona, Bratislava, and Batavie. The higher frequency of equidae reagents were recorded at the North and Northeast region of Minas Gerais, followed by Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaiba, then Central, West, Metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, and South/Southwest.

Distribuição espacial de acidentes escorpiônicos em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 2005 a 2009

Scorpion sting accidents are a public health problem in Belo Horizonte and veterinarians play an important role in its control program when based on capture, mapping of cases and educational actions with the population. A retrospective epidemiological study was done to analyze the frequency and spatial distribution of scorpion sting cases in Belo Horizonte, between 2005 and 2009, and to associate them with the Health Vulnerability Index (IVS), a regional and composed socio-economic index. Notification data of scorpion sting accidents were used from the National System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) and Epidemiological Surveillance System (SISVE) for years 2008 and 2009. For the period between 2005 and 2007 it was necessary to retrieve data from the clinical records of Joao XXIII Hospital (HPSJ XXIII) which were not digitalized in the referred information systems. For georeference and spatial analysis, geographic base EndGeo and features of the programs MapInfo version 10.0, Hotspot Detective and SatScan were used. Between 2005 and 2009 2769 cases of scorpionism, occurred in Belo Horizonte which represents an average incidence of 22.4 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Among 1924 (69.5%) georeferenced cases, the highest incidence was observed in two Sanitary District (DS). A large concentration of cases was also observed in the areas of the city cemeteries. Two clusters were detected during this period, one in 2005, located in the Northwest and West DS, and another between 2006 and 2007 in the Northwest and Northeast DS. There was no association between higher incidence areas of scorpionism in Belo Horizonte and the areas of higher health risk classified by IVS. It is necessary to improve the reporting process regarding scorpion sting accidents. Another conclusion is that the mapping of cases is a relevant tool to base the targeting of educative actions to the priority areas of Belo Horizonte.

Recusas de borrifação de imóveis e ocorrência de casos de leishmaniose visceral na Regional Noroeste de Belo Horizonte

The purpose of this study was to characterize the populations refusal to allow their houses to be sprayed in four regions of Belo Horizonte, in the period from 2006 to 2008, and relate these denials with the emergence of cases of visceral leishmaniasis in the same location and time. We used the location of 27 human cases of visceral leishmaniasis obtained from SINAN, all data from four regions in the West Region of the city of Belo Horizonte, from 2006 to 2008. Of a total of 33,579 houses visited by the chemical vector control, 9636 (28.70%) accepted spraying inside and outside the home, 20741 (61.77%) agreed with spraying only the areas surrounding the property, 141 (0.42%) agreed only to spray indoors, 909 (2.70%) were found closed at the time of spraying, and 2152 (6.41%) refused any kind of spray at house. A chemical control vector was allowed only in surrounding areas of most of the houses studied. The difference between the profile of denials of the blocks contained in an area of 200 meters around a human case of VL, with the same profile of the blocks out of this area was significant (P<0,05) in 07 (25,92%) of 27 cases of the disease.

Ensinar com amor uma geometria prática, despida de toda a teoria da ciência e castigar com caridade. A aprendizagem do artesão no mundo português, no final do século XVIII

The formation of skilled labor for the rebuilding of Lisbon after the 1755 earthquake was managed by local authorities and was concerned with technical capability, the efficiency to commercialize their products and the inclusion of artisans in an ordained economy. The main care was with a teaching system that limited peoples ability to learn. To instruct a mechanical worker was to form him in the corporative conception of public order, as well as giving him a practical education that would make him apt to live in an illustrated Court, and nothing more. Love and charity were pre-requisites for those who would teach, and they mark the learning process with formative practice or exemplary punishment. In 18th century Minas Gerais the molds of labor organization and skill trade learning would have followed Lusitanian patterns and taken the city of Lisbon as a model.