J. R. Oppenheimer
University of California, Berkeley
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Physical Review | 1937
J. F. Carlson; J. R. Oppenheimer
This chapter describes the development and absorption of showers. In nuclear fields, gamma-rays produce pairs and electrons lose energy by radiation. The formulae that have been deduced from the quantum theory give for the probability of these processes values that, for sufficiently high energies, no longer depend upon the energy of the radiation. The finite limiting cross-sections for radiative loss and for pair production essentially limit the penetrating power of electrons and photons. For primary energies that are not too high, the calculations can be carried step-by-step, finding how many gamma rays are produced by the primary, how many of these are absorbed by pair production, and how many gamma rays these in turn produce. Both radiation and pair production give two rays for one in the shower. In addition to primary electrons and perhaps γ-rays, which are able to produce multiplicative showers directly, there is another cosmic-ray component that is responsible for the continuation of the showers under thicknesses of absorber to which no electron or photon can itself penetrate.
Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society | 1926
J. R. Oppenheimer
The dynamical problem of the “diatomic molecule” is solved on the new mechanics. The terms of the rotational energy are , where ; the weights of the corresponding states are 2 m ; the frequencies differ a little from the classical ones. Finally the intensities are slightly different from those computed by Kemble; the main term agrees with that of Fowler, but the positive branch is only slightly stronger than the negative. The central line vanishes. The intensities are valid only for the fundamental band.
European Physical Journal | 1927
J. R. Oppenheimer
ZusammenfassungEs wird gezeigt, daß man in der Quantenmechanik die Störungen entarteter Systeme ohne „Hilfsfelder“ untersuchen kann. Die spontane Ausstrahlung solcher gestörten Systeme wird nach der Diracschen Theorie berechnet. Es ergeben sich als Spezialfälle die Heisenbergschen Polarisationsregeln für das Resonanzleuchten, die Skinnerschen für das Stoßleuchten, die Hanleschen für den Einfluß äußerer Felder. Die Theorie wird auf verschiedene Probleme des Stoßleuchtens angewandt; die anomale Polarisation der Quecksilberresonanzlinie wird als Resonanzeffekt gedeutet.
European Physical Journal A | 1927
J. R. Oppenheimer
ZusammenfassungDie Normierung der Eigenfunktionen der Systeme mit Streckenspektren wird allgemein behandelt. Die Theorie wird auf das Wasserstoffatom, die kontinuierlichen Röntgenabsorptionskoeffizienten, die Polarisation und Intensitätsverteilung der Bremsstrahlung, und die Geschwindigkeits- und Richtungsverteilung der Photo-elektronen angewandt. Es ergeben sich die Comptonschen und die Kramersschen Formeln.
European Physical Journal | 1929
J. R. Oppenheimer
ZusammenfassungFür die Strahlung eines Elektrons im Felde eines positiven Ions ergibt die Quantenmechanik Werte, die von den klassischen und korrespondenzmäßigen wesentlich abweichen. Die neuen Werte ergeben die richtige Größenordnung für die kontinuierliche Absorption im Innern der Sterne.
European Physical Journal | 1927
J. R. Oppenheimer
ZusammenfassungDie Rutherfordsche Formel wird direkt abgeleitet, und ihre Gültigkeit untersucht.
Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society | 1926
J. R. Oppenheimer
The problem of the two bodies has been treated on the new mechanics by Dirac, Pauli, and Schrodinger, who have independently derived the Balmer terms. The present paper is an attempt at a more complete solution. In particular, formulae are derived for the line intensities of the hydrogen spectrum, for the photoelectric effect and its inverse, and for the continuous absorption spectrum in the ultraviolet and in the X-ray regions. Also the probabilities of transition, deflection and capture are computed for the collision of an electron and an ion. Numerical values are only obtained, however, for the simplest line intensities. It is hoped to treat the problem in greater detail.
Physical Review | 1939
J. R. Oppenheimer; G. M. Volkoff
Physical Review | 1939
J. R. Oppenheimer; H. Snyder
Physical Review | 1928
J. R. Oppenheimer