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Featured researches published by J. Ullmann.


Journal of Plant Growth Regulation | 1985

Reversal of IAA-induced inhibition of flowering by aminoethoxyvinylglycine inChenopodium

Ivana Macháčková; J. Krekule; Dagmar Součková; Zdeněk Přikryl; J. Ullmann

Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) applied as a droplet (3 μl, 0.1 mM) to the plumule of seedlings of both the short-day plantChenopodium rubrum and the long-day plantChenopodium murale counteracted to a great extent or even canceled the inhibition of flowering due to exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). This effect was more pronounced with the two substances administered simultaneously than with later application of AVG alone. AVG by itself in some cases promoted the percentage of flowering in bothChenopodium species. Application of IAA to the shoot apex was shown to elevate ethylene production in both species, whereas application of AVG alone was shown to suppress it. Thus, ethylene may be considered an active agent of flowering inhibition brought about by IAA application.


Biologia Plantarum | 1980

Changes in organ growth ofChenopodium rubrum due to suboptimal and multiple photoperiodic cycles with and without flowering effect

Jana Opatrná; J. Ullmann; Libuše Pavlová; J. Krekule

The growth changes of cotyledons, leaves, hypocotyls and roots due to photoperiodic induction in short day plantChenopodium rubrum were investigated in relation to flowering. Six-day old plants were induced by photoperiods with a different number of dark hours. We found that the degree of inhibition which occurred during induction in the growth of leaves, cotyledons and roots similarly as the stimulation of hypocotyl is proportional to the length of dark period. The photoperiods with 12, 16 and 20 dark hours bring about marked inhibition of growth and at the same time induce flowering in terminal and axillary meristems. The inhibitory effect of critical period for flowering,i.e. 8 dark hours, is not apparent in all criteria used and even the flower differentiation is retarded. The photoperiods of 4 and 6 dark hours did not affect growth and were ineffective in inducing flowering even if their number has been increased. The experiments with inductive photoperiod interrupted by light break have clearly shown that growth pattern characteristic for induced plants can be evoked in purely vegetative ones. Such statement did not exclude the possible importance of growth inhibition as a modifying factor of flower differentiation. We demonstrated that the early events of flower bud differentiation are accompanied by stimulation of leaf growth. The evaluation of growth and development of axillary buds at different nodes of insertion enabled us to quantify the photoperiodic effect and to detect the effects due to differences in dark period length not exceeding 2 hours.


Biologia Plantarum | 1959

The Influence of Gibberellic Acid on the Growth of Overground Parts and Roots of Wheat, Lettuce and Oats

J. Krekule; J. Ullmann

SouhrnByl sledován vliv rüzných koncentrací kyseliny giberelové (GA) na klíční rostliny pšenice, salátu a ovsa. Kultivace byla provedena v klimatisační komoře na Petriho miskách v Knopově živném roztoku s přidáním GA. V pokusech byla hodnocena čerstvá váha a sušina nadzemních částí a kořenů a biometricky zpracovány údaje o jejich délce. Byla rovněž sledována dynamika délky přírůstků nadzemních částí a kořenů, jakož i údaje o čerstvé váze a sušině u salátu. V pokusech byla zjištěna průkazná stimulace délky nadzemních částí ve všech použitých koncentracích (0,1–100 μg GA/ml) a průkazná inhibice délky kořenů u koncentrací 1 až 100 μg GA/ml.Výjimkou byl oves, u něhož byla zjištěna stimulace délky kořenů při koncentraci 10 μg GA/ml. Čerstvá váha byla zvýšena pouze u nadzemních částí pšenice (100 μg GA/ml) a u salátu. Stejný obraz podávají i údaje o sušině, čerstvá váha i sušina kořenů u pšenice a ovsa byla aplikací GA snížena nebo se nezměnila. Dynamické sledování stimulace nadzemních částí vyvolané GA u salátu ukazuje, že rozdíl, který je zjištěn čtvrtý den, během další kultivace prakticky nevzrůstá. V daných experimentálních podmínkách je tedy základní stimulační efekt vyvolán již mezi 3–4 dnem kultivace klíčních rostlin.Summary1.The influence of varying concentrations of gibberellic acid on seedlings of wheat, lettuce and oats (up 10 days old) was observed and optimal concentration of 10 to 100 μg GA/ml. was established. Biometric evaluation of the experiments showed significant stimulation of the overground parts with all concentrations used (0.1 to 100 μg. GA/ml.) and significant inhibition of bhe roots with concentrations 1 to 100 μg. GA/ml.2.For lettuce only the concentration 10 μg. GA/ml. was used. In this case, too, increase in length of overground parts was significant and inhibition of root growth was observed. For oats the stimulating effect of GA was recorded for both overground parts and roots.3.Fresh weight of wheat was stimulated only by concentrations of 100 μg. GA/ml. In the case of lettuce (where values of fresh and dry weight were taken for the whole plant) we found a marked stimulation of fresh weight and a somewhat smaller increase in dry weight.4.Observation of the dynamics of growth in length of overground parts and roots and increase or fresh and dry weight in lettuce showed a mutual relation between the values recorded in control and experimental plants in the period of 4 to 10 days following germination.РеэюмеИсследовалось влияние раэличных кондентрадий гибберелловой кислоты (ГК) на лрорастание семян ншениды, caлата и овса. Кулътивация проиэводиась в лыминостате на чашках Нетри в питательпом растворе Кнопа с прибавлением ГК. В опытах оленивались свежий вес и весс сухого вещества наэемных частей и к корней и биометрически обрабатывались ланные их длины. Исследовались также динамика роста надэемных частей и корней, а также покже покаэатели свежего и сухого веса салата. Было докаэано стимулирующсе действие всех применявшихся кондентрадий (0, 1-100 μг ГК/мл) ла длину надэемных ластей и угнелающсе десйтвие на длин корней в кондентрадинх 1-100 μг ГК/мл.Исключение составлял овсс, у которого стимулирующее действие на длину корней наблюдалось при кондентрадии 10 μг ГК/мл. Сэежий вес окаэывался поныщениым тоько у падэемных частей пшениды (при 100 μг ГК/мл) и у салата. Такую же картину дают и покаэатели сухого веса. Свежий и сухой вес корней щпениды и овс после применения ГК понижался или оставался неиэменным. Исследования динамики стимулирования роста надэемпых частей применением ГК у салата локаэывют, что разнида, отмечеппая на 4-ый лень, в течение дальнейшей культивции практически не увеличивается. Таким образом, в данных условиях условиях опыта основной стимулируыщий эϕϕект наблюдается уже 3--4-ый день культивации прорастающин семян.


Biologia Plantarum | 1980

The changes in the growth pattern of organs ofChenopodium rubrum photoperiodically induced to flowering

J. Ullmann; Jana Opatená; J. Krekule; Libuše Pavlová

The relationship between photoperiodically changed growth of leaves, cotyledons, hypocotyl, roots and flowering has been investigated inChenopodium rubrum. It was found that all the growth characteristics recorded in leaves and cotyledons,i.e. length, area, dry weight and chlorophyll content, were inhibited during three inductive photoperiods (16 h darkness, 8 h light-SD) as compared with control plants grown under continuous illumination. Similarly, the cessation of root elongation and a decrease in root dry weight were observed. On the contrary, the elongation and dry weight of hypocotyl are stimulated by SD. The degree of the effect exerted by SD on the growth of different organs depends both on actual growth stage and the number of SD photoperiods. Increased relative rate of growth of roots and cotyledons was recorded in plants transferred after SD treatment to continuous illumination. However, this rise possesses only transitional character and the relative growth rate of treated plants equals that of control ones afterwards. The above growth changes are discussed as a possible modifying factor of floral differentiation.


Biologia Plantarum | 1971

5-Fluorodeoxyuridine inhibition of photoperiodically induced flowering inChenopodium rubrum L.

J. Ullmann; Frideta Seidlová; J. Krekule

Flowering in the short day plantChenopodium rubrum was inhibited by 5-fluoro-deoxyuridine (FDU) at a concentration of 4×10−6 M and higher when applied during photoperiodic induction or immediately afterwards. This inhibition is always accompanied by a general reduction of growth (e.g. a decrease in the first leaf length). The mitotic activity within the shoot apex is completely blocked by FDU application during the photoperiodic treatment. The floral induction (evocationsensu Evans) was not cancelled in this situation as was revealed when reversing the FDU effect by thymidine application. One day after the end of the photoperiodic treatment (the plants were transferred to continuous light again) the FDU inhibition becomes irreparable. The results indicate that DNA synthesis and hence the mitotic activity are not obligatory prerequisites for photoperiodic floral induction inChenopodium. Low concentrations of FDU may promote flowering under suboptimal floral induction.AbstractFluor-5-deoxyuridin (FUDR) v koncentraci 4×10−6 M a vyšší inhibuje kvetení uChenopodium rubrum při aplikaci v průběhu fotoperiodické indukce nebo po ní. Tato inhibice je vždy provázena i celkovým potlačením růstu (např. délky listů). Přítomnost FUDRu v apikálních meristémech v průběhu fotoperiodického zásahu vede k úplnému potlačení mitotické aktivity, aniž zabránila indukei, jak o tom svědčí pokusy s reverzí dlouhodobé inhibice FUDRu thymidinem. 24 hodiny po převedení rostlin z indukčních podmínek (krátkého dne) na nepřetržité osvětlení je již inhibice vyvolaná FUDRem irreverzibilní. Výsledky ukazují, že mitotická aktivita a syntéza nové DNK nejsou podmínkami pro fotoperiodickou květní indukei uChenopodium rubrum. V suboptimálních podmínkách indukee mohou nižší koncentrace FUDRu vyvolat kvetení.


Journal of Plant Growth Regulation | 1988

Ethylene production and metabolism of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid inChenopodium rubrum L. as influenced by photoperiodic flower induction

Ivana Macháčková; J. Ullmann; J. Krekule; Manfred Stock

Chenopodium rubrum plants, induced to flower by three cycles of 12 h darkness and 12 h light, produced 42% less ethylene than vegetative plants kept under continuous light. Plants that had each dark cycle broken by 2 h light in the middle did not flower and produced almost as much ethylene as the vegetative plants. Shoots and roots of plants of all three experimental treatments had a similar content of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the mean amounting to about 2 nmol · g−1 dry weight. Also the content of N-malonyl-ACC (MACC) was similar in shoots of all three treatments. MACC content in roots was shown to be much higher, especially in the treatments with three dark periods (about 85 nmol · g−1 dry weight). When labeled [2,3-14C] ACC was administered, the relative contents of ACC and MACC were very similar among all three treatments. The only process influenced by flower induction was ACC conversion to ethylene. Induced plants converted 36% less ACC than the vegetative ones. Plants subjected to night-break converted almost as much ACC to ethylene as vegetative plants. It is concluded that flower induction in the short-day plantChenopodium rubrum decreases ethylene production by decreasing their capability of converting ACC to ethylene.


Biologia Plantarum | 1960

The effect of gibberellic acid on the dynamics of chlorophyll synthesis in etiolated seedlings

Zdeněk Šesták; J. Ullmann

SouhrnOsmidenní klíční rostlinky pšenice a kukuřice, pěstované ve tmě v Knopově živném roztoku, ke kterému bylo v pokusné variantě přidáno 10μg/ml kyseliny giberelové (GA), byly osvětleny světlem zářivek o intensitě 3000 hix. V časových intervalech 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 a 24 hodin bylo kolorimetricky stanoveno množství chlorofylu (a+b) v acetonových extraktech z vrcholových částí listů dlouhých 5 cm. Pokles množství chlorofylu o 23,3 až 42, 8% vlivem GA byl průkazný ve všech časových úsecích při přepočtu na váhu sušiny i na délkovou jednotku listu. Průběh křivek (obr. 1 a 2) ukazuje na snížení rychlosti tvorby chlorofylu v přítomnosti GA. Současně bylo pozorováno nižší množství karotenoidů u etiolovaných rostlin pěstovaných v roztocích GA než u kontrolních rostlin. Kolorimetrické stanovení pigmentú bylo doplněno papírovou chromatografií, která sloužila jako kontrola kvality a přibližného množství pigmentů.SummaryChlorophyll formation in etiolated seedlings of wheat and maize, grown for 8 days on Knops nutrient solution with 10μg. gibberellic acid (further GA) added per ml. was investigated and compared with control plants. Under the light of fluorescent tubes of an intensity of 3000 lux a significant decrease in the amount of chlorophyll (a+b) was observed at all time intervals from 0 to 24 hr., expressed both per dry weight and per leaf length. Experimental results indicate a decreased rate of chlorophyll formation in the presence of GA.At the same time, a lower content of carotenoids was found in etiolated plants than in controls grown in absence of GA.The colorimetric determination of the pigments was accompanied by paper chromatography which served as a control of quality and approximate amount of pigments.РезюмеВосьмидневные проростки пшеницы и кукурузы, которые выращинались в темноте на иитательном растворе Кнопа, содержавшем 10 микрограммов гиббереллиновой кислоты, освещались люминисцентными лампами мощностью в 3000 люксов. Регулярно через 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 и 24 часа колориметрическим методом определялось количество хлорофилла (a+b) в ацетоновых экстрактах из верхушечных частей листьев 5 см длиной. Во всех указанных промежутках времени после начала опыта можно было наблюдать снижение содержания хлорофилла под влиянием ГК по отношению к сухому весу и к единице длины листа. Ход кривых (рис. 1 и 2) свидетельствует о снижении скорости образования хлорофилла в присутствии ГК. Одновременно наблюдалось пониженное содержание каротиноидов в этиолированных растениях, выращиваемых в растворах, содержащих ГК, по сравнению с контролем. Наряду с колориметрическим определением нигментов проводилось также их определение методом бумажной хроматографии, послужившее контролем качества и примерного содержания пигментов.


Biologia Plantarum | 2008

The Effect of Abscisic Acid on Flowering in Chenopodium rubrum L.

J. Krekule; J. Ullmann

Flowering in the short-day speciesChenopodium rubrum L. was stimulated by treatment with abscisic acid (ABA) in concentrations from 1×10−3M to 1×10−7M only in plants partly induced by two dark periods. We assume that ABA weakens the inhibitory effect of continuous light (similarly as do some other substancese.g nucleic acid inhibitors) and thus enables the expression of the evoked floral state. ABA was ineffective in promoting flowering in photoperiodically non-induced plants.AbstractKyselina abscisová (ABA) v koncentracích od 1×10−3m do 1×10−7m stimuluje kvetení krátkodenního druhuChenopodium rubrum L. jen u rostlin indukovaných dvěma krátkými dny. Domníváme se, že ABA zeslabuje inhibiční účinek nepřetržitého osvětlení (podobně jako působí jiné látky, např. inhibitory nukleových kyselin) a umožňuje tak projevení evokovaného květního stavu. Při stimulaci kvetení u fotoperiodicky neindukovaných rostlin je ABA neúčinná.


Biologia Plantarum | 1972

Action of inhibition by fluorodeoxyuridine and its reversal by thymidine on the nucleic acid fractions of the overground parts of photoperiodically inducedChenopodium rubrum plants

J. Ullmann; J. Krekttle; Lola Teltscherová

The nucleic acid fractions obtained by chromatography on MAK columns were compared in 4 variants ofChenopodium rubrum plants treated in different ways during floral induction. The first variant was normally induced to flowering. The second one was inhibited by application of FUDR to the apical bud on the third day of induction. In the third variant the inhibitory effect of FUDR was reversed by application of THY 24 h after FUDR treatment. In the fourth variant THY was applied 24 h after the termination of induction at a time when it was no longer able to reverse the inhibition of flowering. In plants treated with FUDR, a decrease in DNA and RNA synthesis was observed. After reversal of the inhibitory effect of FUDR by THY, DNA synthesis remained somewhat lower than in the control variant but RNA synthesis reached the same level as in the controls or even surpassed it. In plants to which THY was applied at a time when it was no longer possible to reverse flowering, the results obtained from different experiments were not identical. In some experiments nucleic acid synthesis remained lower than in the variant in which THY restituted flowering. In other experiments nucleic acid synthesis was fully restituted and reached the same level as in the control variant. This phenomenon is explained by the different size of the experimental plants at the beginning of the different experiments. The results are discussed with respect to the relation of the dynamics of nucleic acids to growth and development of the plants.AbstractSrovnali jsme frakce nukleových kyselin získaných chromatografií MAK u čtyř variant mladých rostlinChenopodium rubrum ovlivněných různým způsobem během květní indukce. U první varianty proběhla indukce normálně. U rostlin druhé varianty jsme kvetení inhibovali aplikací FUDR na apikální pupen ve třetí den indukce. U třetí varianty byl inhibiční účinek FUDR revertován aplikací THY 24 h po podání FUDR a u varianty čtvrté byl THY aplikován 24 h po ukončení indukce, v době, kdy již neměl revertující účinek na kvetení. Rostliny ovlivněny FUDR vykazovaly pokles synthesy DNK i RNK. U rostlin, u nichž byl účinek FUDR revertován thymidinem, byla synthesa DNK o něco nižší než u kontrolních rostlin, synthesa RNK však byla stejná nebo dokonce vyšší než u kontrolní varianty. U varianty, u níž byl aplikován thymidin v době, kdy jiš nemohl revertovat kvetení, nebyly výsledky všech pokusů stejné. U části pokusŮ zŮstala synthesa nukleových kyselin nižší než ve variantě, v níž THY kvetení restituoval. V jiných pokusech byla synthesa nukleových kyselin plně restituována a dosáhla stejné úrovně jako u kontroly. Vysvětlujeme tento jev různou velikostí pokusných rostlin při zahájení pokusů. Výsledky jsou diskutovány z hlediska vztahu dynamiky nukleových kyselin k růstu a vývoji rostlin.


Biologia Plantarum | 2008

The effect of abscisic acid on flowering inChenopodium rubrum L.

J. Krekule; J. Ullmann

Flowering in the short-day speciesChenopodium rubrum L. was stimulated by treatment with abscisic acid (ABA) in concentrations from 1×10−3M to 1×10−7M only in plants partly induced by two dark periods. We assume that ABA weakens the inhibitory effect of continuous light (similarly as do some other substancese.g nucleic acid inhibitors) and thus enables the expression of the evoked floral state. ABA was ineffective in promoting flowering in photoperiodically non-induced plants.AbstractKyselina abscisová (ABA) v koncentracích od 1×10−3m do 1×10−7m stimuluje kvetení krátkodenního druhuChenopodium rubrum L. jen u rostlin indukovaných dvěma krátkými dny. Domníváme se, že ABA zeslabuje inhibiční účinek nepřetržitého osvětlení (podobně jako působí jiné látky, např. inhibitory nukleových kyselin) a umožňuje tak projevení evokovaného květního stavu. Při stimulaci kvetení u fotoperiodicky neindukovaných rostlin je ABA neúčinná.

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J. Krekule

Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences

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Libuše Pavlová

Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences

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Frideta Seidlová

Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences

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Dagmar Součková

Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences

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Ivana Macháčková

Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences

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Jan Krekule

Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

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Lola Teltscherová

Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences

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Jana Opatrná

Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences

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J. Krekttle

Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences

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Jana Opatená

Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences

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