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Featured researches published by J. van den Bout.


Social Science & Medicine | 2003

Perception of risk and subjective health among victims of the Chernobyl disaster

Johan M. Havenaar; E. J. De Wilde; J. van den Bout; Britt-Marie Drottz-Sjöberg; W. van den Brink

Several studies have demonstrated that the nuclear power plant accident at Chernobyl in 1986 had a strong impact on the subjective health of the inhabitants in the surrounding regions and that the majority of these health complaints appear to be stress-related. An epidemiological survey among the adult population of the Gomel region in Belarus near Chernobyl showed higher rates of self-reported health problems, psychological distress and medical service use in this region than in a comparable unexposed region. This paper presents an analysis of data on cognitive factors that were collected in this study. The findings support the hypothesis that cognitive variables such as risk perception and sense of control play an important role as mediating factors in the explanation of the observed health differences between the exposed and non-exposed regions. A tentative model is presented to further clarify the role of risk perception in the occurrence of non-specific health complaints after such ecological disasters.


Journal of Abnormal Psychology | 2013

Avoidance processes mediate the relationship between rumination and symptoms of complicated grief and depression following loss

Maarten C. Eisma; Margaret Stroebe; Henk Schut; Wolfgang Stroebe; P.A. Boelen; J. van den Bout

Ruminative coping has been associated with negative outcomes in bereavement. Rather than assuming it to be a problematic confrontation process, researchers have recently suggested rumination to be maladaptive through its links with avoidance processes. The main aim of this study was to examine, for the first time, whether the relationship between ruminative coping and symptoms of complicated grief and depression is mediated by avoidance processes (suppression, memory/experiential avoidance, behavioral avoidance, loss-reality avoidance). A sample of 282 adults (88% female, 12% male), bereaved on average 18 months previously, filled out three questionnaires at 6-month intervals. We assessed symptom levels, grief rumination, and trait rumination at baseline; avoidance processes after 6 months; and symptom levels after 12 months. When controlling for initial symptom levels, experiential avoidance mediated the link between grief rumination and complicated grief, and experiential avoidance and behavioral avoidance mediated the link between grief rumination and depression. Post hoc analyses showed suppression may also mediate the link between grief rumination and symptoms of complicated grief, but not depression. Loss-reality avoidance was no significant mediator of these relationships. This study provides initial evidence that rumination during bereavement increases and perpetuates symptoms of psychopathology, because it is linked with specific avoidance processes. Bereaved individuals with problematic grief and (chronic) rumination may benefit from therapy focused on countering avoidance tendencies.


Community Genetics | 2005

High Distress in Parents Whose Children Undergo Predictive Testing for Long QT Syndrome

Karin S.W.H. Hendriks; F.J.M. Grosfeld; A.A.M. Wilde; J. van den Bout; J. P. van Tintelen; H.F.J. ten Kroode

Objectives: To assess the psychological effect of predictive testing in parents of children at risk for long QT syndrome (LQTS) in a prospective study.Methods: After their child was clinically screened by electrocardiography and blood was taken for DNA analysis, and shortly after delivery of the DNA test result, 36 parents completed measures of psychological distress. Results: 24 parents were informed that at least one of their children is a mutation carrier. Up to 50% of the parents of carrier children showed clinically relevant high levels of distress. Parents who were familiar with the disease for a longer time, who had more experiences with the disease in their family and who received positive test results for all their children were most distressed. Conclusions: Predictive ECG testing together with DNA testing has a profound impact on parents whose minors undergo predictive testing for LQTS.


Journal of Clinical Psychology | 1996

Cross-modality grief therapy : description and assessment of a new program

Henk Schut; de Jos Keijser; J. van den Bout; Margaret Stroebe

A recently developed program for extensive inpatient grief therapy in groups, administered on a time-limited basis, is outlined, an illustrative case study is described, and empirical assessment of the programs efficacy is provided. During a 3-month stay in a Dutch Health Care Centre, a combined treatment program was offered that integrated behavior and art therapy [so-called Cross-Modality Grief Therapy, (CMGT)]. Assessment (levels of symptomatology on the General Health Questionnaire) was made at pretest, post-test, and follow-up and was compared with levels at comparable time points among participants in a more traditional program. Systematic advantages were found for CMGT. Discussion focuses on the identification of elements within CMGT that were responsible for its effectiveness.


Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics | 2010

Cognitive-behavioral self-help treatment for nightmares: a randomized controlled trial.

Jaap Lancee; Victor I. Spoormaker; J. van den Bout

Background: Several cognitive-behavioral techniques are effective in reducing nightmare frequency, but the therapeutic factor (e.g. cognitive restructuring, systematic desensitization) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the nightmare treatments imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT), exposure, and recording (keeping a diary) – in a self-help format – with a waiting list. Methods: Participants were recruited through a Dutch nightmare website. After completion of the baseline questionnaires, 399 participants were randomly assigned to a condition, received a 6-week self-help treatment (or were placed on the waiting list), and filled out the post-treatment measurements 11 weeks after baseline. Results: Compared to the waiting list, IRT and exposure were effective in ameliorating nightmare frequency and distress, subjective sleep quality, anxiety (after imagery rehearsal), and depression (after exposure; Δd = 0.25–0.56). Compared to recording, IRT reduced nightmare frequency while exposure reduced nightmare distress (Δd = 0.20–0.30; p < 0.05). The recording condition was more effective compared to the waiting list in ameliorating nightmare frequency, nightmare distress, and subjective sleep quality (Δd = 0.19–0.28; p < 0.05). IRT had a more rapid reduction on the diary compared to exposure and recording. Conclusions: IRT and exposure appear equally effective in ameliorating nightmare complaints. Exposure to nightmare imagery may function as the crucial therapeutic factor; however, cognitive restructuring may be a useful addition to increase immediate effects.


Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica | 2001

Suicidal behaviour and family factors among Dutch and Slovenian high school students: a comparison

M. Tomori; C. W. M. Kienhorst; E. J. De Wilde; J. van den Bout

Objective: East European countries have much higher suicide rates than West European countries. Whether this also applies for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts is not known. In addition, the role of family factors in relation to suicidal behaviour has not been investigated in East European countries.


Personality and Individual Differences | 1993

Does the Rational Behavior Inventory (RBI) assess irrationality or emotional distress

C. W. M. Kienhorst; J. van den Bout; E. J. de Wilde

Abstract Although instruments for assessing irrational beliefs—in the sense of rational-emotive therapy—generally have yielded satisfactory reliability coefficients, their validity has been subject to criticism. Specifically, it has been suggested that sometimes items of these scales not only consist of beliefs, but also of emotional and behavioural responses, resulting in spuriously high correlations with scales for emotional distress. In the present research among nearly 10,000 adolescents, a strong tendency was found that only those items of the Rational Behavior Inventory which include emotional responses and/or behavioural, were related to emotional distress, thereby empirically supporting the claims of the problematic validity of rationality scales.


American Journal of Psychiatry | 1997

Long-term mental health effects of the Chernobyl disaster: an epidemiologic survey in two former Soviet regions

Johan M. Havenaar; Galina M. Rumyantzeva; W. van den Brink; N. W. Poelijoe; J. van den Bout; H. van Engeland; Maarten W. J. Koeter


Prenatal Diagnosis | 2005

Long-term psychological consequences of pregnancy termination for fetal abnormality: a cross-sectional study.

Marijke J. Korenromp; G. C. M. L. Christiaens; J. van den Bout; Eduard J. H. Mulder; Joke A. M. Hunfeld; C. M. Bilardo; J. P. M. Offermans; Gerard H.A. Visser


British Journal of Psychiatry | 1990

Characteristics of suicide attempters in a population-based sample of Dutch adolescents.

C. W. M. Kienhorst; E. J. De Wilde; J. van den Bout; R. F. W. Diekstra; W. H. G. Wolters

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Jaap Lancee

University of Amsterdam

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P.A. Boelen

University of Pittsburgh

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