J. Wiater

Lightning transients in control lines at the large urban area HV substation

In the HV substation, damage to or malfunction of the electrical and electronic equipment is very often caused by switching operations in primary circuits, earthing faults and lightning strokes. Electronic devices are very sensitive for any transient state. A direct lightning stroke into an open air high-voltage substation is considered. In this case, lightning current flows through conductive-earthed structures above ground and in earthing grids. This current induces voltage and current in low-voltage cables, which can cause severe problems in control, measurement and secondary circuits. The paper presents a computer analysis of lightning transients induced in low voltage wiring in the case of lightning strikes in the area of the substation.

Step and Touch Voltage Distributions at GSM Base Station during Direct Lightning Stroke

One of the tasks of earthing system is to ensure safety for people during various fault conditions. The objective of this paper is to provide knowledge about the actual step and touch voltage distributions in and around a freestanding base station for mobile communications during direct lightning strike into the communication tower. The final purpose is to limit the danger for people that can be present in the vicinity. Scalar potential at the earth surface as well as step and touch voltage distributions were calculated based on field theory approach.

Fire hazard in EX Zones caused by lightning protection system tested according to EN 62561-1

The article presents the results of studies on the effects of lightning current through various types of lightning cross connectors forming a comprehensive lightning protection system. The tests were conducted to demonstrate that the H class current described in EN 62561-1 for protection level I is insufficient to adequately assess the suitability of the connector for use in an explosive atmosphere where it may be a source of ignition of the explosive atmosphere. (Zagrożenie pożarowe powodowane przez system ochrony odgromowej badany zgodnie z normą EN 62561-1) . Słowa kluczowe: wyładowanie piorunowe, pożar, złącze odgromowe, odporność.

Measurement problems during lighting hazard simulation on the HV substation

This paper presents a practical aspect of lightning ground potential rise (GPR) measurements. They were made during normal operation of the real high voltage substation and according a special procedure developed for this occasion. This procedure does not influence the protection relays and ensures a proper work of the HV substation even for 6 kV surges.

Lightning transients in the control and supervision systems on the HV substation

Electronic devices incorrect operations caused by lightning transients has been observed on the HV substation. This concerns specially the digital devices used in high voltage measuring and controlling techniques. This paper presents a calculation results lightning transients in the control and supervision devices signal inputs during direct lightning strike to the HV substation.

Decreasing lightning shock hazard at the HV substation by the modification of the grounding system

One of the tasks of the grounding system is to ensure safety for people during various fault conditions. Fatal lightning shock hazards depend on the surface potential that occurs when a lightning current is injected into the grounding system or induced in it. The main objective of the paper is to improve the grounding system of the typical HV substation. The quality of this modification is measured by the drop of the step voltage distribution and by the cost of it.