Jacques Garnier

La création d'entreprises entre autonomisation et intégration : comparaison de deux processus dans l'aire métropolitaine marseillaise

This paper compares two processes of creation and development of start-up in the same metropolitan area of south of France (Marseilles). In a first case, a whole of start-up initially autonomised are led to establish relationships in a quasi-organisational shape and, later, to be embedded into a wider cluster at a regional level. In a second case, various teams or individuals initially organised inside a large technological company, leave it by a spin-off process, create their own small enterprises, get a real autonomy and, later, became embedded and up fitting in another cluster at a regional level. The paper shows that in both cases, one deals with alternative processes of autonomisation / integration during which membership in a same World (global), conjunction of multiple Projects (local) and intervention of intermediary Institutions (regional) which generates stabilized and innovative clusters.